Umbrellas are placed on the lights to diffuse light when photographing artwork.
Photographing artwork can take some time to set up, but the process goes quickly once the lights are in place. The equipment involved can be expensive, but owning it versus renting it, is more cost-efficient in the long run if you frequently photograph artwork.
Lighting
A constant light source, such as a photo flood, is recommended since it is easier to calculate the light changes. Usually two photo floods are placed at 45-degree angles to the artwork if it is flat. Artwork that has a distinct texture may require extra lighting placed to the side of the artwork to give it three-dimensionality.
Umbrella
Umbrellas that attach to the light stands diffuse the lighting, reducing unwanted shadows. The lights are placed facing away from the artwork, allowing the umbrellas to cast light evenly over the artwork.
Light Meter
A hand-held light meter tells you what exposure settings to use on your camera based on the available light. With it, you can calculate where exactly the light is falling on the artwork and adjust the placement of the lights so the whole piece is lit within a half-stop of exposure.
Camera and Tripod
Given the slow shutter speeds used with the lights involved, a tripod is necessary. It also allows you to use the lowest ISO setting possible, reducing grain in your image.
Lens
A long lens used at a medium distance to the artwork is recommended, as long lenses reduce distortion of straight lines.
Black Mat Board
If the artwork is under glass, a large piece of black mat board with a hole cut out for your camera lens is needed to block your reflection in the artwork.
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