Digital picture frames display photos on an LCD screen. There are many screen resolutions available on the market. Generally, the cheaper digital frames will have low resolutions and a resultant poor picture quality. Look for a resolution of at least 640x480 pixels. With the image quality available on newer SLRs, users may want to look at higher resolution frames, including some that offer HD level resolution.
Memory Cards
Digital picture frames rarely have internal memory, and when they do, it is not enough to display more than a few images. They work by displaying images from a memory card that is inserted into the frame. Most support SD and Compact Flash type memory cards. Some also support Sony Memory Stick and Olympus/Fuji XD memory card. Using a card reader is the simplest way to transfer photos from a computer onto a memory card. After doing so, insert the card into the frame and start playing images.
Bells and Whistles
Many digital picture frames have additional bells and whistles, such as remote controls, different slide show modes that can be adjusted to change the display time, and some even have built-in WiFi and Internet browsers, making it easy to upload or download photos from the memory card to a storage site like Flickr on the Web.
Tags: memory card, picture frames, from memory, from memory card, into frame, photos from
At the time of publication, Sirius XM Radio Inc. is the only provider of satellite radio service in the U.S due to the merger between Sirius and XM Radio. Satellite radio offers subscribers exclusive content, a large number of stations from all over the country, and programs that the FCC does not regulate. You can connect satellite radio to a Philips stereo through the AUX input.
Instructions
1. Place the docking station next to your Philips stereo, but keep it out of direct sunlight. Plug in the mini-adapter end of the audio cable to the back of the docking station. The docking station and audio cable come with the satellite receiver.
2. Plug the red and white ends of the audio cable in the red and white audio inputs labeled "AUX" on the back of the Philips stereo.
3. Plug the small side of the A/C adapter into the power outlet on the docking station. Plug in the other side of the A/C adapter to the power brick. Do not plug the power cord into the electrical outlet. The A/C adapter comes with the satellite receiver.
4. Plug the antenna into the port labeled "Antenna" on the back of the docking station. Position the antenna near a window to receive the best reception.
5. Set the locking switch to the "Unlocked" position on the back of the docking station. Place the Satellite radio receiver inside the docking station and set the locking switch to the "Locked" position.
6. Plug the power cord into an electrical wall outlet. Press and hold down the "Power" button until the satellite receiver turns on.
7. Turn on the stereo so that the satellite receiver displays an "Updating Channels" message on the screen. This screen displays the percentage of the process that has been completed. When the update is complete, the screen will display a message informing you to call to activate your satellite radio service. The receiver automatically switches to station 184, which is the only station you can receive until you call to activate.
8. Press the "Menu" button on the satellite receiver and highlight the "Sirius Menu ID" option. Push the "Select" button. Your SID number will display. Write this number down as you will need it to complete activation. Have your credit card ready to activate the service.
Tags: docking station, satellite receiver, audio cable, back docking, back docking station, Philips stereo
Customizing your Nokia cell phone can take on many forms. You can choose to set new wallpapers, change the icons that display your applications and even add new features such as weather applications and email notification screens.
Instructions
Customize a Nokia Cell Phone
1. Visit a popular mobile software website. We recommend MobiHand and Handango since they both offer a wide variety of trusted Symbian software (the type of OS found on Nokia phones). You can also visit Symbian-Freeware to find no-cost applications.
2. Choose your specific Nokia cell phone from MobiHand or Handango and then choose what part of your device you want to customize. For example, you can visit the "Ringtones" page or the "Themes" page and download different applications based on what you want to customize. You can also add "Weather Apps" which can then be displayed on your device's homepage and select screens. You'll want to spend some time looking through the available applications to customize your phone to your own liking.
3. Follow the installation directions with your software. Most applications will involve downloading a single installation file and clicking on that file from your Nokia device in order to instantly install the application.
4. Follow your downloaded application's "Readme" file in order to figure out use the application on your Nokia cell phone.
Tags: cell phone, your Nokia, Customize Nokia, MobiHand Handango, Nokia cell, Nokia cell phone
An internal memory card reader allows you to insert your expansion card into your computer without connecting the device, such as a camera or cell phone, using a USB cable. Most card readers support multiple card formats including SD, SDHC, microSD, xD and Memory Stick Duo. An external memory card reader plugs into your USB port with your memory card in the other end. An internal reader goes inside your computer and connects directly to your motherboard.
Instructions
1. Remove the cover on your computer case. Most cases have Phillips screws holding the computer together, while some others use tool-less designs and require you to slide a lever to remove the cover.
2. Slide your card reader into an empty drive bay. Card readers are smaller and fit into the 3.5 inch bays, as opposed to the 5.25 inch bays that both CD and DVD drives occupy. Line it up so it is flush with the front of your computer.
3. Secure the card reader using the included Phillips screws. Some cases have levers or other mechanisms to hold drives in place, as opposed to screws.
4. Locate an empty USB header on your motherboard. A USB header has 2 rows of pins with 4 in one row and 5 in another. An empty pin, the solid space on the connector, ensures you do not install the plug upside down. USB headers are typically labeled directly on the motherboard. For additional information regarding your motherboard layout, consult the documentation that came with your computer.
5. Plug the USB plug on the card reader into the USB header and place the cover back on the system.
6. Turn your computer on. Once you boot into the operating system, it will typically tell you it has found new hardware and automatically install it if possible. Most newer operating systems do not require you to take additional actions, but if your card readercame with a driver CD you may have to manually install the drivers before you can use the reader.
Tags: card reader, your computer, your motherboard, came with, card reader into, cases have
Nikon FM cameras have a single-lens reflex that allows photographers to see exactly what will be captured in the photo. If there is dust on the lens, it may interfere with what the photographer sees. It is important to keep your Nikon FM camera lens clean. However, the lens is very sensitive and can easily be scratched or damaged if you clean it with the wrong products.
Instructions
1. Blow dust off the lens. Use a squeeze ball to blow off the dust, rather than wiping the lens. Using a squeeze ball, such as a Giottos Rocket Blaster, will help remove dust particles without touching or damaging the lens.
2. Lift dust from the lens of your Nikon FM camera with a paintbrush. Use a brush that has fine sable hairs, such as a Regal Rigger sable brush. This type of brush comes to a point that's delicate enough to touch the lens and remove dust particles.
3. Use a camera-cleaning kit. The Sakar Deluxe three-piece cleaning kit includes non-abrasive lens tissues and lens fluid. Use a few drops of lens fluid on the lens and only wipe it with a non-abrasive tissue.
4. Wipe the body of your camera down with a clean, soft cloth to remove dust. You can also use a small paintbrush to remove accumulated dust.
What is the Difference Between Digital Lenses & Analog Lenses?
Digital and analog camera lenses use completely different technology. The former is the most common and popular today, while the latter was more common in the days of film cameras.
Analog Lenses
Analog lenses are what we would normally see in the older days of photography. An analog lens is one that requires manual adjustment to focus. It used to be that a professional camera featured a long lens projecting from the front, but with modern technology, smaller, digital lenses can perform many of the same tasks. Some digital cameras, however, are not suited to certain situations in professional photography and may require the purchase of additional, expensive lenses. It's because of this that some photographers, especially those who do landscape photography, stick with analog.
Digital Lenses
Modern digital cameras don't require manual focus because they have digital lenses, which adjust automatically by using a small motor to move the lens to focus. Also, digital lenses often feature image stabilization technology, which senses camera shake and corrects for it to prevent blur.
Considerations and Conclusions
The central difference between digital and analog is the technology that allows digital lenses to auto-focus and provide image stabilization. Some cameras, however, have internal image stabilization that helps reduce camera shake with analog lenses. Also, some photographers find that analog better meets their needs, so neither one is considered better.
Tags: digital lenses, image stabilization, Lenses Analog, Between Digital, Between Digital Lenses, camera shake
What Is the Difference Between Digital and Optical Zoom?
Zooming in with a camera refers to bringing the image closer, or enlarging it in the camera's viewfinder, without physically moving closer. Zoom functions have undergone a variety of advancements in recent years.
How Optical Zoom Functions
Optical zoom works by bringing the subject in the viewfinder closer, using moving parts within the camera. This is done by pressing a button to zoom in or out, which extends or retracts the lens with a motor.
How Digital Zoom Functions
Digital zoom is originally a function of video cameras that has crossed over to still cameras. Technically not a "zoom" function, digital zoom simulates optical zoom by enlarging part of an image electronically, rather than with moving parts.
Enlargement with Digital Zoom
An image enlarged with digital zoom runs the risk of losing image quality. In a magnification process called interpolation, the image is both cropped and magnified, and pixels are added to the image that degrade its quality but allow the image to appear closer.
Reasons to Use Either Digital or Optical Zoom
If you are attending a graduation ceremony and are primarily concerned about capturing the precious moment, digital zoom provides a solution. If your concern is more about capturing a higher-quality image, optical zoom is the natural solution.
Zoom Solutions
To bring your subject closer without sacrificing image quality, Kodak recommends using a telephoto lens. You can also purchase a long-focus lens, which is less compact than the telephoto lens but has a longer focal length.
Tags: Digital Optical, Digital Optical Zoom, about capturing, Between Digital, Between Digital Optical, Difference Between, Difference Between Digital
Saving your movies on your PC is a smart storage solution.
After filming video with a Panasonic SDR-H40, users need a way to view the footage. While you can play it back on your TV, the TV does not provide a permanent storage solution. Transferring your movies to your computer is a more permanent answer. Saving your movies to your PC allows your to create DVD copies as well as view the content on demand.
Instructions
Installing VideoCam Suite
1. Insert the disk.
2. Click on "VideoCam Suite." Click next.
3. Create a folder to store the application to be installed. Click next.
4. If you want a short cut, click "yes." If you do not, click "no."
5. Choose your country. Click next.
6. Click install to complete the process.
7. Select the choice to restart your computer. Click "Finish."
8. Remove the disk.
Transferring Files
9. Turn on the camera
10. Connect the USB cable to your camera and then to your computer.
11. Select "PC Connect." Press the joystick.
12. Drag and drop files onto your PC for still images.
For videos, press the "DVD Copy" button. Video will upload to the PC where you can save it or burn it to a DVD.
Tags: Click next, movies your, your computer, your movies, your movies your
Large rooms often have three-way switches with multiple lights.
A room with more than one exit uses a three-way switch near each door to operate the lights. The three-way switches work independently of each other and both can turn the lighting system on and off. An electrician wires a second, and each additional, light fixture to the first light fixture in a parallel circuit. If one light bulb burns out in a parallel circuit, the remaining light bulbs stay lit; all of the light bulbs turn off in a series circuit if one light bulb burns out.
Instructions
1. Turn off the circuit breaker controlling room with the three-way switch's circuit. Hallway and living area lights often use a "Lighting" label.
2. Run a 14-2 plus ground wire-set from the first light fixture to the next light fixture. Extend the wire-set past each light fixture 6 inches, then cut the wire-set with wire cutters. A 14-2 plus ground wire-set contains three 14-gauge wire strands; one wire strand uses white insulation, one uses black insulation and one does not use any insulation.
3. Strip 3/8 inch of the insulation from the end of the insulated wires on both sides of the wire-set using wire strippers. Place each insulated wire strand in the wire stripper's jaws, squeeze the stripper's handles and pull the insulation from the wire strand's core.
4. Push each end of the wire set into its respective light fixture. Most light fixtures have a wire clamp that holds the wire-set in place. If so, loosen the wire clamp's retaining screws with a flat-head screwdriver. Push the wire-set into the light fixture, then tighten the wire clamp.
5. Wrap the uninsulated wires in the first light fixture together. If the light fixture has a green-colored wire, then secure it to the uninsulated wires with a wire nut. Push the uninsulated wires to the back of the light fixture.
6. Remove and discard the wire nut holding the white wire from the three-way switches to the first light fixture's white wire. Add the wire-set's white wire, then secure the three white wires together with a new wire nut.
7. Remove and discard the wire nut holding the first light fixture's black wire to the black wire from the three-way switches. Add the wire-set's black wire, then secure the three black wires together with a new wire nut.
8. Attach the uninsulated wire to the second light fixture's ground. If the light fixture has a green wire, twist the green wire around the uninsulated wire and secure them with a wire nut. If the light fixture uses a green screw as ground, wrap the uninsulated wire around the screw and tighten the screw.
9. Combine the wire-set's white wire with the light fixture's white wire. Twirl a wire nut onto this pair of wires.
10. Wrap the light fixture's black wire around the wire-set's black wire. Lock them together with a wire nut.
Tags: light fixture, with wire, black wire, first light, first light fixture, white wire, three-way switches
Photographers use extension tubes for macro photography. They are available from many different manufacturers for the Canon DSLR. They are a less expensive alternative to dedicated macro lenses that can cost two times the price of a regular lens. An extension tube increases the image size by creating distance between the lens and the sensor of the camera. The EF25 and the EF12 are the two types of extension tubes made by Canon. While the extension tubes are not without limitations, they do provide some interesting effects and are a good alternative for those looking to try their hand at macro photography.
Instructions
1. Connect the extension tube to the Canon DSLR body by aligning the red dot on the extension tube with the red dot on the camera body. Turn the extension tube until it locks into place.
2. Connect the camera lens to the extension tube that is on the Canon DLSR body by aligning the red dot on the lens with the red dot on the camera body. Turn the lens until it locks into place.
3. Switch the camera on. You can now start trying to focus the lens onto a subject that you want to take close up. Practice first on nonmoving objects such as flowers. Sometimes the autofocus will not work, and you will need to switch to manual focus to help you focus on an image.
Tags: extension tube, body aligning, body Turn, camera body, camera body Turn
The Hasselblad 500C, left, and Pentax 645 are shown.
Medium-format photography once only was the realm for professionals. The equipment was expensive and usage could be tedious. At the same time, the cameras — such as those made by Hasselblad, Mamiya, Bronica, Pentax and others — produced large, beautiful negatives or slides far better than their 35mm counterparts. These days, with the pros switching to all-digital photo studios, medium-format cameras are readily available for a fraction of the original cost. They can be a lot of fun, produce great photos or slides and teach a lot about photography.
Instructions
Buying a Used Medium-Format Camera
1. Decide first what level of photography you want to do. If you want the best lenses, the best accessories and the best cameras in the medium format field, Hasselblad is the way to go. If you want a camera system that gives ease of use, more photos per film roll and has less expensive accessories, the Pentax 645 is it. The others generally are between these two in quality and cost.
2. Decide your budget. A Hasselblad camera body generally can be found between $100 and $250 these days. Originally, that would have cost $2,000 or more. The camera body, however, only works when you add a film back, a viewfinder and a lens. A film back with a darkslide for 12 photos per roll of 120 film will cost between $50 and $300. A similar film back for 24 photos per roll of 220 film will cost about the same. A waist-level viewfinder can be had for less than $100, but an eye-level pentaprism can cost upward of $500. A “normal” lens (80mm or 75mm) is where the real expense is. A used one will cost between $250 and $900. For a basic setup, a Hasselblad will cost at least $500.
3. The Pentax 645 is much less expensive and easier to use. It does need batteries, however, unlike the Hasselblad. This is because it has a built-in light meter and a mechanism to advance the film. It also gets 15 or 30 photos on a roll of 120 or 220 film, respectively, compared to the Hasselblad’s 12 or 24. This is because it shoots rectangular, rather than square, photos and each frame is slightly smaller. Also, the film back fits inside the camera, so it is not possible to switch films midroll like the Hasselblad. Another advantage of the 645 is tthat it has a built-in pentaprism with the meter inside. This means you always can shoot at eye-level without the image reversed left to right.
4. Buying a used camera means checking out things like shutter release, lens clarity and light tightness. While there are technical devices for determining shutter accuracy, you can get a rough estimate by holding the camera without lens or film back toward a light and snapping at different speeds. This only will give a sense of differences between shutter speeds, but it also can tell you if the shutter sticks, moves slowly or gets stuck totally. The shutter should snap open and shut smoothly at any speed.
5. Lens clarity is in two parts. First is the viewfinder, the part you look through. Without the lens attached, look through the viewfinder for bits of lint and cracks or dings. The lint usually can be removed easily, but decide how annoying any cracks or dings are. Neither will affect picture quality, but both may affect how you see a scene and focus it. The second part is the lens itself. This is important because anything in or on the lens can affect the photos. If there is lint or finger oil on the lens, this can be cleaned. If there is pitting to the glass or a crack, these cannot be fixed without taking the lens apart and replacing the glass element. Sometimes, however, very small imperfections won’t have much of an effect on the photos, depending whether they are at the center of the lens element or at the sides. Another common problem with older lens is dust and particles getting inside the lens itself. This again entails taking the lens apart, which is not recommended unless the user has the appropriate skills.
6. Film backs for the Hasselblad are complicated. They have dark slides to prevent the film from being exposed when the back is off the camera, which means you can switch film types midroll. The dark slide has to seat properly, not be bent and have its light seals intact. Most pros, when buying used, seek film backs and dark slides that have matching serial numbers. This means they were made to fit together and cause fewer problems. The Hasselblad will prevent picture taking when the dark slide is in place.
7. Film backs or magazines for the Pentax are less complex, but need to work with the camera’s electronic gears to propel the film. Check the steel roller to make sure the teeth are intact. Also check to make certain there are no cracks or pinholes on the back, the part the sticks outside the camera when shooting. Most film backs for the Pentax come with a little case to lock them into when not in use. Make certain the film back has the case when you buy because leaving an exposed film back lying around or in the camera gadget bag can cause damage.
8. Choosing lenses depends on what you want to shoot. If you always plan to shoot portraits of people, a standard 75mm or short telephoto 100mm to 120mm lens will do. If you want to shoot landscapes, a 30mm to 55mm is necessary. Zoom lenses still are expensive for medium-format cameras, but they do exist. For the Pentax 645 these are 45-80mm and 80-160mm and range from $500 to $1,000. For the Hasselblad, zoom lenses are harder to find and generally start at around $1,000. Also, other manufacturers made lenses for these cameras. They usually are not as good — the standard Carl Zeiss lenses made for the Hasselblad and other cameras are considered by many to be the best lenses ever made — but are cheaper.
9. Other accessories such as cases, flash units and wind knobs, among others, are available. Most any electronic flash can be used, but they generally are made to give a flash spread for a rectangular 35mm-sized photo. When buying less-expensive flashes, experiment before shooting something important to see the flash spread in the photos. The rapid-wind knob for the Hasselblad makes it quicker to wind film. There also is a motorized Hasselblad available.
Tags: film back, will cost, photos roll, photos roll film, roll film
If its time to buy new photography equipment, then you may want to think about selling your old used equipment. Selling your used photography equipment gives you extra money toward your new purchase, allows you to clean out your camera bag and helps to make space for the new equipment. Finding the right buyer, presenting clean, quality equipment and promoting your used equipment in the right places, can garner higher pricees.
Instructions
1. Clean your used equipment. Wipe down all pieces of photography equipment to remove fingerprints and dust. Use lens cleaning fluid on the camera lens, and polish on the body of the camera.
2. Test all the used equipment. Be sure all pieces function properly, so you can confidently demonstrate the equipment. Have batteries available for potential buyers to try the photography equipment.
3. Include all accessories. Did the photography equipment come with a custom case? Include extras to give your equipment an edge over other used equipment. Supply the owner's manual if you still have it and be sure to include the box if it is still available.
4. Advertise your equipment at a local college. Contact several Photography and Art Department professors, and ask them if you can post a "For Sale" ad on a school bulletin board. Ask if they can announce the equipment for sale in their classes. Students are always looking for a bargain!
5. Post used equipment ads online. Browse photography forums and post the equipment for sale there. This way, you will have an audience that is specifically interested in what you have for sale. Check the forums frequently, and be ready to answer questions.
6. Try selling used photography equipment on an auction website. Post an ad for the used equipment on a website that allows users to barter for your equipment. If the equipment is in high demand, you may get offers that are better than expected.
7. Present your sale like a retail store. Offer to answer questions. Offer a short-term return policy if the customer is unsatisfied. Good customer service skills will build a positive reputation, as well as help you sell more used photography equipment in the future.
Tags: used equipment, photography equipment, your used, your equipment, your used equipment, answer questions, equipment sale
Transfer your pictures to your computer right away.
Transferring your pictures from your digital camera to your laptop or desktop computer allows you to share photos with your friends and family. Whether it's posting them somewhere online or sending them off to be printed, you need to store your pictures on your computer not only so they can be shared, but so you have room on your camera to take more pictures.
Instructions
1. Standard USB cable included with your digital camera.
Your digital camera comes with a USB cable to plug in to your computer. The plugs on each end look almost the same, but one is bigger than the other. Plug in the small end to your camera, and plug in the large end to your computer.
2. Turn on your digital camera, and it will either appear on your desktop (Mac) or in the "My Computer" folder under the "Drives" section (Windows).
3. Open up your digital camera icon and you will then a folder marked either "DCIM" or "Media." Open the folder, and you will then see all of the photos you have taken.
4. Select the photos you want to transfer and then click and drag them to where you want them to be on your computer. When the images are done transferring, you're all finished.
Tags: digital camera, your computer, your digital, your digital camera, your pictures, your pictures your, pictures your
The Sony Cybershot ranging in design from small point-and-shoot digital cameras to higher-end one with advanced photographic settings. While each camera in the Cybershot series has its own distinctive features, the general operation of Cybershot cameras is similar.
Getting Started
Before turning the camera on, you must place the battery and the memory stick in the battery compartment of the camera. This compartment is located on the bottom of smaller Cybershots and on the lower left side of the camera on larger Cybershots. Once the battery and memory stick are in place, the camera can be turned on.
The process of turning on a Cybershot camera depends on whether you have a point-and-shoot or a higher-end camera. Point-and-shoot Cybershots are turned on using the small, circular power button on the top of the camera or the small rectangular power button on the back of the camera. More advanced Cybershots have a slightly larger push button located just to the left of the dial on the top right-hand side of the camera.
Taking a Photo
Point-and-shoots are ready to take a photograph as soon as the camera is on. The higher-end Cybershots must be set up for still photography. To take a photo using automatic focus, turn the dial on the top of the camera to the image of the small green camera. This will allow the photo to be taken with automatic focus and settings, similar to a point-and-shoot.
To take a photo, first focus the subject by pressing the shutter button, which is the largest button on the top right of the camera no matter which Cybershot you are using, halfway down. When the subject is in focus, press the shutter button all the way down to snap the photo. You can also zoom in or out before taking a photo by using the buttons that say "W" and "T." The "W" button will move away from the subject and the "T" button will move closer to the subject.
View Images
Once you have taken a photograph, you can review the image directly on your Cybershot's screen. On Cybershot point-and-shoots, the playback button has a right-pointing arrow in a rectangle that simply needs to be pressed to begin playback. On an advanced Cybershot, to get to playback mode, turn the mode dial one notch down to the right pointing arrow. Once in playback mode, you can review your photos by using the right and left arrows on the directional control pad on the back of the camera.
Tags: automatic focus, back camera, battery memory, battery memory stick, button will
The xD (Extreme Digital) Picture Card is a flash storage card designed by Olympus and Fujifilm specifically for digital cameras manufactured by both companies. The xD card is similar in size to an SD (Standard Digital) flash card, and is available in capacities up to 2GB. Like all flash cards, an xD card may develop a variety of different problems that can be resolved by either formatting the device or using basic troubleshooting techniques.
Instructions
Troubleshoot
1. Clean the metal connection strips on the xD card using a soft cloth damp with water. Carefully rub the damp cloth against each metal connection strip to remove any dust or debris that may be interfering with the connection. Do not allow the card to become waterlogged; if too much water gets on the card, set it aside and allow it to fully dry before inserting it into the camera.
2. Clean the inside of your camera with a can of compressed air and a thin tube that connects to the can. Insert the tube into the xD card slot on your camera, hold the can upright to avoid blowing fluid into your camera, and press the button to release air into the card slot. This air will dislodge debris that may have accumulated inside of the card over time and will allow the xD card to make complete contact with the connection pins.
3. Slide the protection tab on the Picture Card to the "Unlocked" position using your fingernail. Each xD card has a small plastic slider on the side that can be pushed downwards to make the flash card write-proof. If the slider is in the "Locked" position, the camera will be unable to write any photos to the card, causing either an error on the camera or an absence of pictures on the card when connected to the computer.
4. Inspect the xD card visually for any indications of damage, such as cracks, stress lines in the plastic, warped or corroded connection pins or water damage. Replace the card if it has signs of damage and will not work properly when inserted in your camera.
Formatting
5. Plug the xD card into your camera, then connect the camera to your computer using its USB cable. Open My Computer by clicking "Start," then "Computer." The xD card must be displayed as its own drive under "Removable Media"; if it isn't, disconnect the camera, remove the card, and then connect it to your computer using either a third-party MMC adapter or by inserting the xD card into your computer's flash card slot.
6. Navigate to the xD Picture Card's drive by clicking "Start," then "Computer." Right-click on the xD card's drive letter under "Removable Media" and select "Format."
7. Click "FAT" in the "File System" drop-down menu, then select the check box next to "Quick Format." Click the "Format" button. Disconnect the card from your computer after the format has finished and insert it into your camera.
Tags: your camera, into your, Picture Card, your computer, card slot
Agfa Scala is a black and white reversal film and development process. Instead of creating a black and white negative, Scala produces a positive black and white image. Scala is similar to black and white negative film. A sensitized silver halide layer on the film changes when it is exposed to light. Structurally, Scala is not much different than other black and white negative films. An emulsion is placed on a plastic film bases. Antihalation layers are added to minimize halo effects.
The Process
Scala processing is, in theory, similar to black and white transparency film processing for other brands. The difference is the use of proprietary Agfa chemistry that is no longer commercially available. Some labs, however, have developed chemistry similar to the original Agfa chemistry and offer Scala processing. The steps for processing Scala or another black and white film on which you would like a positive, rather than a negative, image is as follows:
1. Use developer to process the silver halides into a negative image
2. Use a stop bath to halt the developing process
3. Bleach the negative
4. Wash the negative
5. Use a clearing bath to remove clouding caused by the bleaching process
6. Expose the remaining silver halides to light
7. Re-develop the film
8. Use a stop bath to halt the developing process
9. Fix the image to prevent changes when the film is exposed to light
10. Wash and dry the film
Availability of Scala & Processing
Because Agfa is no longer in business, Scala is no longer being made. Currently available Scala is stock manufactured in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Because it is a silver halide based film, properly stored stocks should be good for many years to come.
Because of the dangers involved in the proprietary Scala processing chemistry, you are probably going to be better off having your Scala developed by a professional lab. There are a number of professional labs that offer film processing mailers for Scala.
Tags: black white, black white negative, white negative, Agfa chemistry, Agfa Scala
Video cassettes offer three recording speeds, which let you balance quality against tape length.
Video cassette technology gives users some flexibility about how they use the space on their tapes. Many users choose the options that allow for the most recording hours, but these options also have some disadvantages.
It's a Matter of Time
Video cassette tapes are generally set up with three recording speeds. These are standard play (SP), long play (LP) and extended play (EP) or super long play (SLP). SLP and EP are just different terms for the same thing. SP mode allows users to record two hours' worth of footage. LP allows four hours of footage, and SLP allows for six hours.
Poor Quality
Video tapes are set up with an audio and video track. In order to cram more footage onto a smaller amount of tape space, SLP mode actually causes those tracks to overlap slightly. This means they bleed into each other. The end result is footage that looks and sounds worse.
Less Durable
Video cassettes don't last forever, and SLP mode is particularly prone to degradation. Over time, the audio and video tracks will gradually start to bleed into each other. Eventually the video will be full of static and the sound will start to hiss and pop.
Tags: audio video, bleed into, bleed into each, each other, footage allows
Cameras are designed much like the human eye, with mechanisms that control and focus light images. In an instant, the eye can intercept, focus and interpret light through a process called refraction.
Identification
Refraction is the eye's ability to bend and focus light rays into a sharp image.
Focus
Refraction in the eye mainly takes place on the surface of the cornea. The lens focuses the light image onto the center of the retina, which is located at the back of the eye.
Photoreceptors
Light-sensitive cells in the retina called photoreceptors capture light like a camera and relay those images to the brain through the optic nerve.
Refractive Error
Vision problems involving refraction are due to the eye's inability to focus an image onto the retina. Corrective lens can be used to treat most refractive errors.
Accommodation
The eye's lens can change shape so that objects at different distances can still be focused onto the retina. This is called accommodation.
Astigmatism
Eyes with astigmatism have an irregular surface shape that skews light rays and prevents the lens from properly focusing.
A memory card is typically used in a digital camera for the storage of pictures. However, memory cards can also be used in video game consoles to save games, laptop computers and MP3 players. But, they do have problems, such as parameter errors, which are very common.
Causes
Usually, a parameter error occurs when you do not turn your camera off properly. Make sure you follow the steps in your manual on turn your camera off. It could also be caused by a faulty memory card or a card that has not been formatted properly.
Solutions
You can fix the parameter error by reformatting the card on your computer. Insert the memory card into your computer. Click on the "My Computer" option and find the drive the card is in. Right-click the drive, and then choose "Format." Click "Start." The other solution would be to purchase a new card.
Prevention
You can prevent memory card parameter errors from occurring. Make sure your camera batteries are fully charged when taking pictures. Leave the memory card in the camera when the camera is on. Take the card out of the computer immediately after the photos from the card have been placed on the computer. Do not use an old memory card.
Tags: memory card, your camera, Make sure, parameter error, parameter errors
Disposable cameras can do a lot more than just take snapshots.
Disposable cameras actually hearken back to George Eastman's original Kodak Brownie camera of the early 1900s in that, like those early Brownies, you send your entire disposable camera to the developer for prints. The only real difference is that you got the same Brownie camera back from Kodak along with the prints. Despite their apparently limited nature, you can try a variety of things with disposable cameras that can change the way your images come out.
Instructions
1. Start thinking like a photographer with your disposable camera. Although the cameras are designed for snapshots, there's no reason you need to limit your picture taking to the humble snapshot. You will not have the shutter speed or aperture control you would on a more advanced camera, but that's OK. Just point and shoot. If you shoot rapidly, you will use up the film quicker, but you also may find you capture images you would not if you were more careful. For example, disposable cameras often appear on the tables at wedding receptions. The idea is for the guests to take snapshots of those at the table or other images they see for the bride and groom to enjoy later. Instead of lining up the guests at your table, start looking around for the unusual shot. Maybe the flower girl over in the corner pouting when everyone else is dancing and laughing. Maybe a close-up of a single flower in your table's floral display.
2. Find various colored transparent pieces of plastic and position them in front of your disposable camera's lens. Whether your camera contains black-and-white or color film, you can alter the image of reality by trying different colors in front of the lens. You may use standard photographic filters, or you may just want to use anything clear such as colored shrink wrap.
3. Use the old standby of professional photographers: petroleum jelly. Wipe it on the lens and start snapping. This will "soften" the image captured, often adding a soft glow. This works especially well if you are taking portraits, but also will work on landscape scenes and nearly any other scene at which you care to point your disposable camera.
4. Take out the film that came in the disposable camera and replace it with other types. You need to do this in total darkness to prevent exposing the film. A disposable camera's insides are basically like any other camera's innards. On one side, you have the chamber for the film cartridge and on the other is a take-up spool so you can wind the film. Open up a disposable camera you do not plan to use in normal lighting so you can get an idea of where everything is. Then, go into total darkness and put your film in, then seal it up. In this way, you can experiment with all types of film shot through that tiny plastic lens. You can shoot 3200 ISO film in very low light. You can use infrared film, too, for any eerie, other-worldly effect.
Tags: disposable camera, your disposable, your disposable camera, Brownie camera, disposable cameras, take snapshots, total darkness
furniture is popular with college students, thrifty families and broke bachelors. Milk crates can look like cheap, plastic furniture substitutes, or with a little effort they can look funky and eclectic. Milk crate speaker stands are easy to make and assemble in an hour or less.
Instructions
1. Get milk crates from grocery stores, wholesale suppliers or dairy farms. If you have trouble finding used milk crates, office supply stores sell knock-off milk crates for around $10.
2. Place your speakers in the area you want them, and make sure there is room for the milk crates. Put the speaker on the milk crate and check the sturdiness and stability of the speaker and crate.
3. Tie two crates together with a zip cord, if your speaker is too large for one crate. For added height you can stack the milk crates, zip-tie them together and then zip-tie them to nails in the wall for stability.
4. Decorate your milk crates so they match your decor. You can spray paint them or drape a piece of material over them. If you're not creative, paint them black, which works well in most rooms and matches the speakers.
5. Put your speaker on the finished milk crate and crank up the music.
Tags: milk crates, milk crate, paint them, your speaker, zip-tie them
is a GPS option from Garmin. A few versions of Garmin Nuvi are available but they all have similar features. Like any GPS devices, the Garmin has maps. When a map is incorrect, the maps in the GPS are most likely outdated and require updating to correct the mistake and fix the incorrect map.
Instructions
1. Go to the Garmin Nuvi website under the maps section and select "Check For Updates."
2. Select "Agree" for the terms and conditions that pop up. Select "Install" when prompted by the website. This will install the program on the computer for checking the map updates available on the website.
3. Connect the Garmin Nuvi to the computer through a USB cable. The website will connect to the device to determine the Garmin Nuvi version and the maps currently installed on the GPS. Click "Find Map Updates." The website will show any updates available for the device. A Nuvi that was purchased 60 days or earlier will allow free updating while an older Nuvi will require the purchase of new maps.
4. Purchase the new maps. There are two purchase options, either a single map update or the option to subscribe for four updates for a year that will allow the device to update four times before purchasing a new map is necessary. Select the preferred option, pay the money and electronically download the new maps. This will correct the maps on the GPS.
Tags: Garmin Nuvi, This will, updates available, website will, will allow
Delete images by selecting "Image Delete" from the deletion menu.
The Sony Handycam shoots high-quality images and video footage; the Handycam saves this media to a memory stick and the camera's internal memory, respectively, for later use. Once you've setup your camera, shot a few videos and transferred them to your computer, you might have questions about free up space on your camcorder by deleting your old movies. You'll want to have plenty of memory available for your next special occasion, or you'll want to at least know free some up in a pinch. Performing your own deletions will have you making the most of your Handycam in little time.
Instructions
Delete Individual Movies
1. Push the "Home" icon on the touch screen with your finger to begin deleting individual videos.
2. Touch "Movie Delete" and push either "HD (High Definition) Delete" or "SD (Standard Definition) Delete" depending on the mode in which the movie was captured.
3. Select the movie you wish to delete from the list of thumbnails that appear on the screen by touching it. The movie you choose will be marked with a check mark.
4. Push the movie and hold it to confirm, and then push the "Back" button located in the upper left corner to go to the previous screen. You'll be asked to confirm your decision. Press "OK," "Yes," and "OK." The movie will be deleted.
Delete All Movies
5. Push "Home" on the touch screen to begin deleting all movies at once.
6. Push the "Others" icon and "Delete." You'll be taken to the deletion menu where you'll specify whether you'd like to trash movies or images. Touch "Movie Delete."
7. Touch "HD Delete All" or "SD Delete All" to specify whether you would like to clear all HD movies or all SD movies. You'll be asked to confirm your choice. Choose "Yes," "Yes," and "OK." All SD or HD movies will be deleted at once.
Delete All Movies from One Day
8. Push "Home" on the touch screen to start deleting movies that were shot on the same day.
9. Push the "Others" icon and then "Delete." You'll be asked to specify whether you'd like to trash movies or images. Touch "Movie Delete."
10. Push "HD Delete by Date" or "SD Delete by Date" to select whether you'd like to delete HD movies or SD movies respectively. A list of days when you shot saved videos will appear.
11. Use the "Up" and "Down" buttons on the left side of the screen to scroll through the dates, until you highlight the one you seek, and then push "OK" on the bottom left corner of the screen. All movies shot on the specified day will appear. Touch the movies listed to confirm your selection, and then push the "Back" button to go to the previous screen. Confirm your decision by pushing "OK," "Yes," and "OK."
Tags: Movie Delete, Push Home, specify whether, then push, Touch Movie, Touch Movie Delete
Excalibur dome tents are "geodesic"-style tents that use flexible poles to support the shape of the tent. These tents come in different shapes and sizes, ranging from small one- to three-person tents, to larger designs capable of holding six or more people. Known for their compact design and ease of setup and take down, these tents give you more time to enjoy Mother Nature as you will spend less time assembling and packing them.
Instructions
1. Remove everything from inside the tent before you begin taking it down.
2. Remove the flexible poles from their sleeves and holders. Once all the poles have been removed the tent will simply collapse onto itself.
3. Arrange the top portion of the tent so that it lies as flat as possible on the bottom. Take the time to smooth out any wrinkles or creases to keep the tent as flat as possible.
4. Fold any outside corners into the middle of the tent. When the outside corners are folded in, you want to have a square shape.
5. Fold the square in half and begin to roll the tent up from one end towards the other. Use care to keep the roll tight and straight. Doing this will make it easy for the tent to be stored either inside its protective bag or in a case. Place the collapsible poles and any other hardware in the tent bag so they do not get lost.
Tags: dome tents, Excalibur dome tents, flat possible, flexible poles, outside corners
Get closer to a subject by reverse stacking a lens.
The Canon EF 100mm lens can focus on a subject less than a foot away, but what if you want to get even closer to the subject without buying a bigger macro lens? Using a reverse ring mount that attaches to the EF 100mm's filter threads allows you to attach another lens to your camera. Thus, you can amplify the magnification and decrease the closest focusing distance for ultra-close macro photography.
Instructions
Installation
1. Remove the lens cap and unscrew any filters attached to the EF 100mm. Screw the 67mm reverse ring on the EF 100mm front filter thread.
2. Attach the step-up or step-down ring to the reverse ring, if you are using one. Remove the lens cap and unscrew any filters attached to the second lens.
3. Screw the second lens' front filter thread to the reverse ring. Remove the rear lens cap from the second lens.
Lens and Camera Setup
4. Set the camera to manual mode. Since you are using two lenses, the camera will not meter correctly in any automatic modes.
5. Set the EF 100mm's aperture to maximum width.
6. Set the second lens' aperture to its maximum width. If the lens does not have a manual aperture ring, you can wedge the aperture arm open with a small piece of tape or folded piece of paper.
Tags: reverse ring, second lens, aperture maximum, aperture maximum width, Canon 100mm, closer subject
Making your own speaker cables is a cost-effective way to get the great performance out of your speakers. The basic raw materials for making speaker cables is easy to get, and putting them together doesn't require any special tools or expertise. Your new speaker cables will be just what you need to get the job done in whatever audio application you have in mind.
Instructions
1. Decide how long you want your speaker cables to be. This is entirely a matter of where your speakers will be relative to your amplifier or receiver. Measure that distance, and keep in mind any bends or obstacles along the route.
2. Cut your wire to length. To make a pair of speaker cables, you'll need two lengths of wire. Use 14- to 16-gauge multistrand lamp wire. This is available at any home improvement or electrical supply store.
3. Strip the insulation off of the ends of the wires so that each lead has 3/8 inch to 1/2 inch of bare wire exposed. Twist the strands of the wire so they are tightly bound together.
4. Twist speaker pins onto the bare ends of the wire. The speaker pins ensure clean and durable connections with your audio gear. See additional resources for a speaker pin source.
Tags: speaker cables, speaker cables, speaker pins, your speakers
The iPhone 3G, like all iPhones, is locked by Apple so that third-party programs can not be installed without the company's authorization. To unlock the iPhone 3G so that it can accommodate programs not sanctioned by Apple, run a "jail-breaking" program. There are a number of free programs that will unlock the iPhone, all of them free to use and working in a similar manner. The procedure is automated to the point of where you need to do very little. Additionally, none of the content on the iPhone will be lost.
Instructions
1. Download a jail-breaking program to the Mac's desktop, such as the free "Spirit" jail-breaking program (see Resources). Double-click the file to install it onto the Mac's hard drive.
2. Connect the iPhone connector of the iPhone cable to the iPhone. Connect the other end of the iPhone cable to a USB port on the Mac.
3. Launch the iTunes program that is included with the Mac by double-clicking its icon inside the "Applications" folder. Wait for the icon of the iPhone to appear in the left column of the iTunes program.
4. Launch the jail-breaking program by double-clicking its icon inside the "Applications" folder.
5. Select "iPhone 3G" from the "iPhone" drop-down menu on the program's main screen. Click the "Start" or "Jailbreak" button on the program's main screen.
6. Wait as the jail-breaking program downloads pertinent files from the Internet and installs them onto the iPhone 3G. The process is completed when the iPhone 3G's screen goes black.
7. Wait as the Apple logo appears on the iPhone 3G's screen, followed by the splash screen that contains the slide locking bar.
8. Quit the jail-breaking program. Right-click on the icon of the iPhone 3G that is in the left column of the iTunes program. Select "Eject" from the pop-up menu. Quit iTunes. Remove the iPhone cable from the iPhone and from the Mac.
The Canon P26-DH II allows you to print calculations for your records.
The P26-DH II is a printing calculator produced by Canon. It is generally used for accounting and record keeping, though it can also serve the needs of the average arithmetic student. Although now out of production, the P26-DH II is popular on the secondhand electronics market. The calculator can be attached to any household electrical outlet and, thus, requires no batteries to operate. With a replacement paper roll and help from the steps that follow, you'll be printing off receipts for your records in no time.
Instructions
Installing a Replacement Roll
1. Move the power switch in the upper right corner of the calculator to the "Off" position.
2. Push the wire roll holder back so it protrudes from the back of the calculator. Place the replacement roll on the holder so the paper's end extends from the bottom of the roll.
3. Cut the paper's end diagonally and insert it into the slot in the back of the calculator.
4. Move the power switch to the "PRT" position to turn on the calculator.
5. Press the paper feed button on the upper left of the calculator. The button is designated by an upward-pointing arrow.
Using the Calculator
6. Set the calculator's tax rate, if you'll be using it for accounting purposes. Move the power switch to the "RATE SET" position. Use the number pad to key in your state's or locality's correct tax rate. Move the power switch back to "PRT" when you have keyed in the rate.
7. Slide the "Decimal Point" switch at the top center of the calculator to "2." This ensures proper placement of the decimal point during calculation.
8. Move the "Round-Off" switch to "5/4" to ensure proper rounding of multiplication products. Numbers ending in "5" will be round up, while those ending in "4" are round down.
9. Enter numerical values using the number pad. Use the addition, subtraction, multiplication or division keys as needed. Delete incorrect inputs by pressing the right-facing arrow key.
10. Add sales tax to a value by pressing the "TAX+" key. Clear the screen by pressing the "CE/C" key.
Tags: Move power, Move power switch, power switch, back calculator, roll holder, your records
An echoing microphone, whether used for talking over a computer or gaming, is an annoyance. There are a few different causes of echoing on a microphone such as picking up noise from speakers, a sensitive microphone for sound, connection problems or even weather problems. Fixing the echo depends on which problem is causing the echo, but the basics of fixing the echo are similar.
Instructions
1. Turn off speakers and other electronics. In the situation where the cause of the echo is related to picking up noises from speakers or interference from other electronics, turning them off will stop the echo in the microphone. This means that the microphone is picking up sounds from the electronics to create an echo. Use a headset to minimize echoing from speakers in this situation.
2. Turn off other recording devices. Sometimes the problem stems from more than the microphone picking up sounds. When this is causing the echo, changing the features is the only way to stop the echo. Right click and select "Properties." Locate the audio options and switch off any recording option that is not the microphone.
3. Reset the Internet connection. Microphone echoing over a computer phone service or a game can sometimes be due to poor-connection quality. Resetting the Internet will fix this echoing issue.
4. Turn off the microphone and avoid using it during poor weather conditions. An echo caused by a thunderstorm is not preventable or fixable. The problem is related to issues that are not in the owner's control. If the weather is foul enough to cause an echo, it is best to turn off the electronic devices as power surges or similar problems might arise and damage the devices.
Tags: from speakers, cause echo, causing echo, echoing microphone, microphone picking
The Nikon D80 is a 10-megapixel DSLR camera that's slotted between Nikon's entry-level models, such as the D40, and the D300 and other prosumer cameras. The D80 has many of the same controls as on the more advanced Nikon models, including dual jog dials for quick adjustment of shutter and aperture settings while shooting in manual. The D80 was one of the first Nikons to use SD memory instead of CompactFlash. The eyepiece on the D80 can be switched out or replaced if lost.
Instructions
1. Turn off the camera.
2. Slide the old eyepiece off by grasping both edges and gently sliding it upwards.
3. Slide the new eyepiece---either the DK-21M magnifying eyepiece, which magnifies the image in the viewfinder by a factor of 1.1, or the DK-21, which is the standard eyepiece---back into place over the eyecap slots.
4. Power on the camera and look through the viewfinder to verify that the eyepiece is installed correctly and does not distort.
Today's "geek" appreciates technology but has plenty of social skills.
A techno geek can be hard to shop for when it comes to gift giving. Urban Dictionary defines a geek as an individual who has technical skills and is not socially awkward. So how do you show your geek some love? Pick thoughtful gifts that will appeal to his quirkiness.
Phones/Tablet PCs
Pamper your geek with a powerful phone.
Electronics are always a popular selection for the geeky guy or girl. Today's technology lends itself to a variety of applications. A phone with amped up Internet capabilities such as an iPhone or Droid is extremely handy for a geek on-the-go. Also not to be overlooked is the popular tablet PC, such as Apple's iPad. This device can replace the laptop as the ultimate geek accessory.
Gaming and Computer Accessories
Video games and computer accessories will make any self-proclaimed geek smile.
Video games were made by geeks for geeks. So were computers. Anyone interested in this technology will appreciate the latest gaming system such as Sony's PlayStation 3 or Microsoft's Xbox 360. The PC gamer would drool over a souped-up Alienware computer system with massive memory for online gaming. A less pricier option than the actual systems though would be accessories for either. Try additional accessories for video gaming systems, such as higher grade cables to connect to televisions or additional add-ons for PC like better graphics and audio cards.
Apparel
Hoodies and quirky T-shirts are an exceptional gift.
Sometimes the clothes do make the man. T-shirts, hoodies and jackets now celebrate all things geek. Technology is a popular field for clothing designers to explore now and many outlets sell clothing with classic video game themes, computer terminology and pop culture references.
Collectibles and Toys
The average geek will have a variety of interests and possibly a collection as well. Popular geek gifts include any vintage or nostalgic gaming item, as well as older toys. Geeks will appreciate science fiction collectibles such as Star Trek communicators or Star Wars light sabers. Framed posters, prints or collectibles from television and popular culture are welcome. Comic books, computers, gaming systems, cartoons, sci-fi, and fantasy are all themes to look for when hunting for a collectible.
Tags: gaming systems, Video games, will appreciate, your geek
Nikon i-TTL, short for intelligent through-the-lens, takes advantage of modern technology that will automatically determine the amount of light projected by your flash to get a correct exposure on your digital camera. It works by emitting a pre-flash as you press your camera's shutter. The pre-flash measures the distance of your subject through the lens, which allows your camera to compute the correct amount of flash light to match your shutter speed and aperture.
Prior to I-TTL
Until Nikon unveiled through-the-lens technology for film cameras in the 1980s, you had to learn manually estimate distance to subject and adjust your camera's settings based on a numerical chart. It took more time to correctly determine exposures using a flash, which sometimes could lead to missing critical moments.
How it Works
I-TTL simplifies using a flash in complex or rapidly changing lighting situations. It's especially helpful when using fill flash to lift shadows in harsh sunlight or when your subject is back-lit. Nikon i-TTL flashes offer a back-light mode in which a pre-flash bounces off every subject in the frame. Your camera processes the returned information to compute the correct exposure to light your subjects evenly.
Drawbacks
I-TTL doesn't always work perfectly. Dark-toned or high-contrast subjects can cause your camera to get an incorrect exposure from your flash. The solution is to bracket your flash exposures, which means to take several different exposures of the same photo in rapid succession. Nikon i-TTL flashes feature the ability to adjust power output while in TTL mode, allowing you to bracket quickly for the perfect exposure.
Flashes With I-TTL
Nikon offers a range of i-TTL flashes and compatible digital cameras that vary in power, price and features. On the low end, the SB-400 flash costs about $120, as of April 2011. Its head can swivel only horizontally. The SB-600, at $240, offers full tilt and swivel. The SB-700, $320, and SB-900, $470, both offer more power, and they can serve as commander units to set off other flashes in Nikon's Creative Lighting System.
Tags: your camera, i-TTL flashes, Nikon i-TTL, your flash, compute correct
Half-frame cameras get twice as many shots out of each roll of film.
A half-frame camera shoots photographs at half the exposure format of traditional 35 mm film. These cameras were popular because of their small size and the number of exposures they could produce on one roll of film. They use standard-size 35 mm film made for full-frame still and movie cameras.
Size
Half-frame cameras are typically small and portable, unlike the large, hard-to-transport cameras that preceded that. Most major camera manufacturers made half-frame cameras at one point or another, according to Sub Club. The popularity of these cameras led manufacturers to make smaller and lighter full-frame cameras.
Film
A half-frame camera uses standard 35 mm film. This film is easy to work with and can produce good picture quality even in the smaller format. Cameras using other film sizes, such as 16 mm, were not as successful as half-frame cameras.
Exposures
On a roll of film meant for 24 shots, a half-frame camera could shoot 48. This made taking pictures more economical. Exposures on a half-frame camera are in vertical orientation, as opposed to the landscape orientation of full-frame cameras.
Olympus
Olympus is one of the more famous manufacturers of half-frame cameras. The Olympus Pen was first produced in 1959 and was a large part of the half-frame camera boom of the 1960s and 1970s. According to Olympus, 17 million units were sold during that time. The Olympus Pen F offered interchangeable lenses and a rotating shutter, which allowed for faster flash synchronization speeds.
Light is both the enemy and the best friend of photographers. Even when you are shooting with a high-quality piece of equipment, you rely on light to get a good, crisp shot. With point-and-shoot cameras, low-light is difficult to overcome, but even a DSLR like the Canon Rebel XSi (or EOS 450D), low-light can pose problems to photographers. A lot depends on your lens and just how little light there is.
Focus in Low-Light
On any camera, low-light focusing is difficult, especially on auto-focus mode. The Rebel XSi, like most DSLR cameras, uses an autofocus sensor light to sense contrast in your image. In daylight, this is easy enough for the camera, since objects have a lot of definition and the Rebel can detect foreground and background based on light. But in low-light this becomes really difficult, since two objects may appear close to you the camera can't distinguish between them. This usually creates a whining sound as the focus motor spins back and forth; it doesn't indicate a problem with the camera, however.
Blur
To capture images in low-light, your camera uses slower shutter speeds than when shooting in daylight. On auto or programmer mode, the Rebel XSi automatically computes how long to keep the shutter open. For shutter speeds faster than about 1/15 of a second, you need to have a steady hand to eliminate blur, since the shutter will stay open longer and cause your pictures to be blurry if the camera moves at all. For longer exposures, use a tripod and remote control or the self timer, so that the motion caused by tapping the shutter button is removed from the equation.
Lens
With low-light photography, the lens is the key. The Rebel XSi has a wide range of shutter speeds and exposure compensation settings, so you'll be able to find settings to shoot in low-light, but you are only as good as your lens. When looking at lenses for low-light photography, maximum aperture plays a big role. The wider the aperture blades can open on your lens, the more light that can reach your sensor; this allows for shorter exposures and less blur. Lenses under f/2.8 are good for low-light photography, as you can use fast shutter speeds and still have well-exposed shots.
Tricks to Overcome Blur and Focus Problems
When shooting in low-light (outside after dark or indoors with incandescent lighting), a tripod helps create clear shots of still objects. Attach a good low-light lens and switch the focus mode to "M" for manual, especially when shooting in really dark areas. Use a flashlight or similar to focus the camera on the tripod, and then fire the shutter button on a timer or with the remote control. This eliminates all shake and keeps your shots clear, but if anything moves in the image, expect blur and try again.
The Pentax K1000, produced by Asahi Pentax from 1976 to 1997, was a fully mechanical single lens reflex camera. Using only one LR44 battery to power its light meter, the camera was operated manually with no automatic exposure features. An ideal student camera, the K1000 has achieved cult status over the years for its rugged simplicity and intuitive design. Camera overhaul and internal repairs are to be expected for a camera as old as the K1000.
Instructions
Removing the Bottom Plate
1. Insert a small coin into the slotted battery cover on the underside of the camera body and turn counterclockwise. Remove the battery. Set the battery and cover in a small dish off to the side.
2. Remove the three screws on the underside of the camera body by turning counterclockwise with a micro screwdriver. Place the screws in the small dish. The middle screw, located near the tripod socket, will have a slightly smaller head than the other two side screws.
3. Pull the bottom plate away from the camera body.
4. Lift out the small plastic dust seal, located around the small metal film rewind button at the bottom of the camera, and set it in the small dish.
Removing the Frame Counter, Speed Knob and Rewind Lever
5. Locate the frame counter at the center of the film advance lever. Loosen and remove the three slotted screws holding the frame counter cover in place. Lift the cover off and set it in a second small dish along with the three screws. Loosen the left-hand screw at the center of the counter dial by rotating it clockwise. Set this screw and the counter dial in the second small dish.
6. Remove the outer retaining ring, also with a left-hand thread, by turning it clockwise with a micro spanner. Lift off the circular bushing, called the counter housing, and set it in the second dish with the retaining ring. Loosen and remove the three screws holding the bayonet retaining spring. Lift off the spring along with the film advance lever and set both pieces in the second dish.
7. Loosen the screw on the outside of the shutter speed/film speed selector knob. Lift off the knob's top plate, underlying film speed dial and compression spring and set these pieces in the second dish.
8. Pull up on the film rewind lever to open the camera back. Push the rewind lever back down and wedge the blade of a butter knife into the lever's fork. Hold the fork firmly in place as you rotate the lever counterclockwise. Remove the rewind lever assembly and place it in the second dish.
9. Unscrew the retaining ring, located just under the rewind lever assembly, using your micro spanner. Lift out the retaining ring, along with the loose spacer on top of the rewind shaft, and place them in the second dish.
Removing the Top Plate
10. Remove the three screws that secure the top plate. One is near the shutter release button, another near the wind lever and the last near the rewind shaft.
11. Lift off the top plate gently. Take care not to lose the cable release pin located underneath the shutter release button. It is a loose part, so place it in the second dish with the other pieces.
12. Remove the plastic decorator strip, located at the front of the camera's prism, and set it in the second dish.
13. Proceed with all necessary repairs or adjustments.
Tags: second dish, small dish, retaining ring, rewind lever, three screws, along with
Ask questions before choosing a professional photographer.
Pretty much anyone with a camera can claim he is a professional photographer. However, photography takes more than a fancy camera. It takes skill, experience and dedication. To separate the amateurs from professionals, keep a few questions in mind.
What Are Your Credentials?
Ask the potential photographer what credentials she may have. Belonging to a professional organization such as the Professional Photographers of America or the American Society of Picture Professionals shows that a photographer is committed and dedicated to continual learning. A professional degree or certificate in professional photography also shows that the professional has the technical expertise to take quality pictures.
What is Your Style?
Style varies depending on the photographer. Tell the photographer what photographic style you are looking for. Styles range from candid and artistic to whimsical and photojournalistic. Ask which style your potential photographer specializes in and ask for samples. If samples aren't available, ask the photographer for a test shoot.
Do You Have a Portfolio, References or Testimonials?
Though a photographer may have learned the technical part of taking photographs, creativity and professionalism are also important. Seeing a photographer's portfolio gives you a sense of his style and whether that style fits your needs. Inquiring about references provides insight into to a photographer's creative process as well as professionalism. Be sure to check third party organization such as the Better Business Bureau and professional associations.
Which Picture Formats Will Be Available?
Some photographers use film cameras. Others may use digital cameras or both. Ask whether print or digital copies of the photographs will be available. What formats -- such as jpeg -- will digital photographs be in and will these files be easy to upload onto websites?
What Do Your Rates Cover?
Ask about fees in advance. How many photographs are taken? How many photo shoots do the fees cover? What policy does the photographer have if you are dissatisfied with the photos? Do photo retouches and other photo altering cost extra? Also, inquire about deposits and payment plans. Make sure that all these conditions are detailed in a written contract.
Will You Have All Rights to the Photographs?
Ask if you will be purchasing all the rights to the photograph. Can you post the photos online or copy them without permission from the artist? Will credit have to given to the professional photographer if the photographs are posted online? Ask these questions to avoid potential copyright issues.
Net10 is a prepaid cell phone service: You pay at the beginning of every month for the number of minutes you would like to use that month. You can pay a flat rate and use that amount for phone calls or text messages, and Net10 will deduct them accordingly. If you want to send a picture from your computer to a Net10 phone, simply text it to the phone from your email client.
Instructions
1. Open your email account, and click "Compose" to create a new email.
2. Type the phone number into the "Recipient" box of the email, along with "@mms.att.net" after the phone number. NET10 uses the same SMS gateway code as that used by AT&T, as it shares that company's mobility network. If the phone number is "555-111-2222," for example, type "5551112222@mms.att.net" as the email address.
3. Attach the picture to the email message.
4. Type a subject into the "Subject" line of the email.
5. Type a message into the "Body" of the email. (The picture will not open properly once sent to the phone unless the email carries a message with it.)
6. Click "Send" to send the email, including the attached picture, to the Net10 cell phone.
Tags: phone number, cell phone, email Type, from your, your email
You can replace an iPhone 3G screen, also called a digitizer, by removing it and installing a new or refurbished part. The removal process is simple and requires a set of miniature screwdrivers that you can find at any hardware store. Throughout the process, be careful to ensure that the iPhone 3G is not further damaged, by being very deliberate with your actions and following the removal steps exactly.
Instructions
1. Use the Phillips screwdriver to remove the two screws beside the data port on the bottom of the iPhone.
2. Place the end of the flat-head screwdriver between the chrome siding and the glass cover in a location other than where you removed the two screws in Step 1. As soon as you feel it slip in, gently pry the screwdriver back to lift the glass.
3. Lift the cover open partially to reveal the data ribbon strips that attach from the body to the digitizer. Gently unplug the left-side data cables by pushing them with your finger or another blunt object. Do not pull the cover farther upward.
4. Look at the top right side of the area where you disconnected the data ribbons and you will see another connector. If you look closely you will see a very small latch that needs to be pulled back and up, like a car door handle, to remove the last connection and separate the iPhone 3G digitizer from the body.