Whenever there is a new technological breakthrough, it doesn't take long for that technology to find its way into a new batch of gadgets. Invariably, some of this new technology produces gadgets that can be used to spy, or some that have been specifically designed to spy. Many of today's new gadgets make use of GPS technology, others of the latest computer innovations, and some are byproducts of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Cameras
A covert, or hidden camera is one of the most useful spy gadgets, and the miniaturization that has been possible with digital cameras has brought along a whole new family of spy cameras. Video cameras have been incorporated into such everyday items as sunglasses, smiley buttons, shirt buttons, pendant crosses, wristwatches, car remotes and baseball hats. For planting, you can find cameras hidden away in an AC adaptor, the spine of a book , clothes hooks and ballpoint pens. Spy cameras are also available that will look around a corner and that will give a clear picture, even at night. Most cameras are available either as recording devices or for transmitting live pictures.
GPS
GPS trackers enable you to follow a subject without being detected. There are both hard-wired and remote GPS trackers designed for use in tracking vehicles. Depending on the model, variations include magnetic trackers, trackers that transmit their position in real time and others that record their position for up to eight weeks. Many have a convenient USB connector. One of the latest devices is a micro GPS mail logger. This gadget tells you exactly where and when your mail has been between posting and delivery.
Cell Phone Surveillance
Many of the latest gadgets are designed to be used for cell phone surveillance. There's a bundle of software that you can install as an application onto a cell phone that will transmit to you over the Internet the cell phone's GPS location every 15 minutes and that also records incoming and outgoing calls and SMS messages, contact lists and emails in and out. There are also gadgets for listening in on other people's cell phones and for electronically jamming any cell phone within a certain distance of the device.
Computer Spying
Plug the Stealth iBot into any computers USB slot for just five seconds and you can secretly record everything that happens on that computer. It will record up to 10,000 screen shots, unlimited text and, according to Brickhouse Security, is undetectable by most anti-spyware applications. The Deluxe version of this gadget logs every single keystroke on a computer, and you can even program it to be on the lookout for specific keywords or phrases.
Tags: cell phone, that will, have been, their position
With Microsoft Points, you can purchase products and services from Microsoft and the company's affiliates. This service makes it easy to complete multiple online purchases or to give the points as a gift.
Instructions
1. Buy Microsoft Points from several different sources. You can purchase them from a retail location like Game Stop or online at Zune Marketplace. Look for the Xbox Live or Zune Marketplace logos, both owned by Microsoft.
2. Choose the online store from which you want to use your Microsoft Points. Your choices include Xbox Live Marketplace, Zune Marketplace or Windows Live Gallery. Go to the website of the store where you want to shop.
3. Pick out your products. For example, if you want to buy music, select your downloads from Zune Marketplace. You can find game titles on Xbox Live Marketplace and picture galleries from Windows Live Gallery.
4. Use your Microsoft Points. Put in your Microsoft Points digital code number, and the points will be applied towards your purchase. You may pay less with points than if you paid with a credit card.
Tags: Microsoft Points, Zune Marketplace, Xbox Live, your Microsoft, your Microsoft Points, Live Gallery
Digital photo keychains let you upload your favorite pictures from your computer onto a small screened keychain. Programming the keychain once it's loaded with your pictures consists of choosing whether you want to manually flip through the pictures or watch continuous slideshow.
Instructions
1. Install any software that came with your camera. Follow the instructions that come with the software to properly install it.
2. Locate the USB cable that came with your digital photo keychain. Plug the small end into the keychain and the larger end into the USB port on your computer.
3. Wait for your computer to recognize the keychain as an added device. When a screen pops up prompting you to move on, you're ready for the next step.
4. Load your pictures, following the screen prompts. Usually, this will be as simple as clicking on the pictures you want to load and allowing the software to do the rest. In this step, you will be able to do some minor photo edits, such as resizing and brightening the picture.
5. Leave the digital photo keychain plugged into the USB port to give the batteries a full charge if it's the first time you're using it. Once it's charged, remove the USB cable and turn it on.
6. Push the options button on the keychain. From here, you can choose between manual playback or a slideshow option. If the slideshow option is chosen, you can also choose the speed of playback in the options menu.
Tags: with your, your computer, came with, came with your, digital photo, into port
Processing 127 film is not much different than processing 35mm film and allows you to use antique cameras.
Kodak originally developed 127 film for use in Brownie cameras in the early 20th century, and it remains one of the few old film formats still in use today. Sized similarly to modern 35mm film at 46mm wide, the film is used in a host of older cameras, including the Rolleli 4x4 and the Baby Yashica, and is shot in a variety of aspect ratios, including 4x4, 4x4.5, 4x6, and 4x3.
Instructions
Preparing and loading the film
1. Unwind the film from the spool in a completely dark room. Begin by pulling off the paper backing, and then cut the film off of the spindle to which it is attached and unroll it completely.
2. Adjust your Paterson reels to the 127 setting, which should be the notch in the middle. To do this, rotate one side of the reel, pull it up, and then rotate it in the opposite direction to lock it into the notch.
3. Load the film onto the reels by finding the tabs on the inside of the plastic reels and sliding it under them. Then, turn the right side of the reel back and forth to wind the film onto the reel. This process takes a lot of practice and is initially frustrating, but you will improve over time. If you can, practice in the light with an old roll of film.
4. Put the reel back into the tank. The canister will only hold one reel at a time. Close the lid tightly, and leave the dark room.
Prepare the chemicals
5. Create a working solution from the stop bath, fixer and hypo-clear by mixing the concentrated chemicals with water, following the instructions on the packaging carefully. A working solution is a solution of chemicals that has been diluted for use in developing film. Do not prepare the developer yet. Different brands require different processes to create a working solution, so follow the instructions on the packaging to the letter, measuring and mixing carefully.
6. Measure out 20 fluid oz. of the stop bath, fixer, and hypo-clear into your beakers and set them aside. Do not yet mix the developer.
7. Create a working solution from the developer by following the instructions on the packaging, which has not yet been prepared. The reason for this is that the temperature of the developer must be held at a specific temperature, so it should be prepared as close to the time of usage as possible. The solution will have to be at 68 degrees, so make sure the water with which you are mixing the developer is within half of a degree of this temperature. The temperature is critical to the developing process, so ensure that your solution is the correct temperature. After you have created a working solution, you will need to further dilute the developer according to the instructions for your specific film and developer combination, which can be found on the developing chart at Massive Dev in the Resource section below. Only make enough to fill the tank.
8. Look on the film package to find the amount of time you need to develop your film. This time is different for each film and developer combination and is critical to properly developing film. If the time for your film is not on the package, consult the developing chart at Massive Dev listed in the Resource section of this article. If there are multiple times listed for a film, use the time listed for 35mm film. Ensure that you are using the correct dilution for your film type.
Developing the film
9. Fill up your tank with water that is between 65 and 70 degrees, and gently invert the tank. This process is called agitating, and it is important that you agitate the water gently. The point of agitating is to distribute the water throughout the tank and make sure that fresh water is constantly in contact with the film. After one minute of agitation, dump out the water.
10. Pour your developer into the tank and start timing as soon as the tank is completely full. Agitate the tank for the first minute by repeatedly inverting it gently. While doing this, spin your hand slightly to rotate the tank. Do not agitate too hard, or it will damage the film. After the first minute, agitate every minute for five inversions. When the time is up, dump out the developer immediately.
11. Pour the stop bath into the tank immediately. The stop bath arrests the action of the developer to keep the film from over-developing. Agitate for one minute, and then pour out the stop bath.
12. Pour the fixer into your tank. The fixer "fixes" your image to the negative so that it will not continue to expose when you remove it from the tank. Agitate for the first minute, and then do 10 inversions every minute. After three minutes, pour out the fixer.
13. Open the canister and remove your film. The fixer has made it safe to expose the film to daylight. Hold the film up to the light and examine it. If it looks milky or purple, repeat the above step. Continue this process until the film is clear.
14. Wash the film with the tank lid off, running lukewarm water from the faucet over the tank. Make sure the water is running gently.
15. Fill the tank with hypo-clear solution and put the lid back on. Agitate for three minutes, and then dump out the chemicals. This chemical cleans your film, removing any residual fixer so that your film will not turn milky and purple in the light.
16. Wash the film again under lukewarm water for five to 10 minutes. This removes any leftover chemicals.
Drying the film
17.Pull apart your reels by rotating one side in the same way you did when adjusting the reel spacing, except this time, pull off the side of the reel completely.
18. Remove the film from the reel gently. Unwind the film.
19. Holding the film with one hand, squeegee off the remaining water by putting the film between two fingers and running them down the film gently.
20. Hang the film up in your film dryer and set it for about an hour. If you do not have a film dryer, you can hang it in a bathroom and run a hot shower. The humidity keeps the dust in the room from attaching itself to the film. You will be able to tell the film is dry either by touching it or checking to see if the end of the roll has started to curl up.
21. Once the film is completely dry, take it down and cut it into strips to put into your plastic protective page. The film is now ready to be printed.
Tags: your film, stop bath, working solution, 35mm film, film from, first minute
Using light diffusers when taking photographs can make your photos turn out much more pleasing and professional looking. Without diffusers, you will find that light from photo lamps and flash is too harsh for most uses, and it creates ugly dark shadows too. A simple light diffuser fixes these problems easily, and they are quite simple to make yourself at home.
Choosing Material
The type of diffuser fabric you choose will influence the photos you take. Using lace curtain panels is an excellent way to create sparkle on shiny surfaces such as moist food for example.
Using tinted fabric or paper will create a color tint on your pictures. Some types of stationery and printer papers do not have an obvious tint. If you look closely at them--or you use them for photo diffusers--you may quickly find there is a slight amber, rose or other color shade to them.
Lightweight fabrics are wonderful for creating textures and patterns in your photos, but almost anything can be used for creating a variety of different diffusers. Wax paper is an excellent example, as is plain printer paper, thin tissue paper and white satin.
Heavier fabrics, such as velvet, cotton and wool, can also be used, but they block much more light as well.
Experiment with different types of fabrics and papers to find the results you like best.
Making Diffusers
Once you have chosen one or more types of fabrics or paper for your diffusers, you simply need to mount them in a way that makes them easy to use when taking photos. One easy approach is to create a simple frame.
Cut out the side of a medium- to large-sized cardboard box. Cut out the inside of that square, leaving yourself with a cardboard frame. Tape, glue or staple paper or lightweight fabric to the frame, covering the hole.
If you have old picture frames on hand, they can be used in the exact same way. Remove the glass and frame backing, then tape, staple or glue your diffuser to the frame.
A simple and fast approach is temporary but quite useful in a pinch. Wrap gauze or light tissue paper lightly around your photo lamp shades to diffuse the light coming from their bulbs.
Wal-Mart and other discount stores sell portable clothes closets. These are quite handy to make photo diffusers. The wheeled frame is excellent to clip, pin or staple cloth and paper to. You will end up with a 5-foot tall diffuser that can even be used for people portraits.
Tags: much more, paper will, tissue paper, types fabrics, when taking, your photos
Capture an expression or emotion on your child's face to remember a moment in time that can never be replaced.
Instructions
1. Set up your equipment and decide on a location and lighting before the child arrives or begins to play. Replace old batteries before taking pictures so that you don't lose the moment having to change batteries.
2. Choose a film suited for the lighting and type of pictures you wish to take. ASA or ISO 400 print or slide film is best for candid photographs of children playing. ASA or ISO 100 or 200 is well-suited for portrait photos in which your subject will be still. This speed of film also allows you to enlarge your photograph without any graininess.
3. Use natural lighting if possible. Early morning, late afternoon and overcast days work wonderfully for natural lighting. You won't have to worry about the harsh glare of the sun.
4. Place the sun behind you and to one side to help prevent shadows on your subject's face if you do need to shoot in the sun.
5. Use a longer lens such as a 70mm to 200mm zoom. This will allow you to capture the child at play or a posed shot without having to get close.
6. Use toys or tell a funny story when trying to pose a child for a picture. Be ready to capture that first grin or laugh.
7. Consider using a shutter cable release cord. You can focus your lens on the subject, step to the side of your camera and use a puppet or stuffed animal to catch the child's attention.
8. Try a soft filter to add a dreamlike or hazy look to your photograph. A polarizer will also help take out the harshness of the sun and deepen the colors in your picture if you are shooting outside.
Tags: natural lighting, your photograph, your subject
A laptop battery's capacity and charging time decreases as it gets older, but a newer battery or a well-maintained battery will have a relatively steady charge time.
Types
Different types of batteries take shorter or longer periods to charge. The two main types are lithium-ion and nickel cadmium.
Considerations
Lithium-ion batteries provide the best performance but take longer to charge, while nickel cadmium batteries provide good performance and take a short time to charge. The problem with nickel cadmium batteries is the memory effect, where they lose their capacity over time.
Time Frame
Typically a laptop battery will be charged to 80 percent after one hour of charging time. Within two hours a full charge will be reached.
Potential
Letting your laptop battery run to its minimum and then charging it to its maximum capacity several times over will help keep the batteries full charge time down and capacity high.
Misconceptions
Often times a new battery will say it is fully charged after 10 to 15 minutes. This is a phenomenon that should be ignored.
Producing an independent movie isn't as expensive as a big-budget studio film, but there are still considerable expenses. A small film needs steady, stable funding in order to keep the movie on schedule. There are several ways to fund a film, and all of them require faith in the project and the ability to sell it before you film it.
Instructions
1. Look for people that have the means and interest to fund an independent film. Put together a movie pitch that excites potential benefactors about the movie. Prepare a script for investors, or write a synopsis of the storyline.
2. Approach local companies, and ask for a sponsorship. Consider placing the company's product in your movie in order to get some funds. Convince the companies that your film is a good advertisement for them, or that the sponsorship is good for the company's reputation.
3. Throw a fundraising party. Entice potential backers with live entertainment and plenty of activities. Invite the entire community to come and to donate to your film. Build up buzz for your film at the same time.
4. Look for grants that are available to independent filmmakers. Perform online searches for film grants, and apply for any you can find. Call colleges in your state, and ask whether they give grants for the arts.
5. Fund your movie with credit cards, if all else fails. Charge your equipment and labor costs, and hope the movie makes enough to pay back the charges.
Many HD camcorders record video footage to digital media tapes, but users sometimes wish to capture a still frame of that video after transferring it to their computer. First you will capture your Sony HD digital video to your computer, then capture a still image of that video using video editing software.
Instructions
Capture Sony HD video to your computer
1. Connect your Sony HD camcorder to your computer's USB or FireWire port using one of the cables described above. Then, push the power button on your camcorder to turn it on.
2. On a PC, open Movie Maker and click the "Record" button. On a Mac, open iMovie and click "Capture mode" on the menu.
3. Set your capture settings. In Movie Maker, choose whether you want to capture audio, video or both, and select the quality of your transfer. In iMovie, select the desired start point.
4. Begin capturing. In Movie Maker, click "Record." In iMovie, click "Import."
5. When your video has finished capturing or you have captured as much video as you need, click "Record" again in Movie Maker or "Import" in iMovie to stop the capture process. Save your newly captured HD video to the desired location on your computer.
Capture a frame or 'photo' from your video
6. Open your video in video editing software such as Windows Movie Maker, iMovie, Final Cut Pro or Adobe Premiere.
7. Select the image you wish to save. In Final Cut Pro, go to the "Modify" menu, then click "Make Freeze Frame." In Adobe Premiere, go to "Export" then select a ".jpg" or ".giff" format. In iMovie, right-click the frame and select "Add Still Frame to Project." In Windows Movie Maker, select "Take Picture" from the main menu.
8. Save your image to your computer or insert it into your video.
Tags: Movie Maker, your computer, your video, click Record, Adobe Premiere, Capture Photos, Capture Photos From
Digital cameras are used by both consumers who want to capture family photos and memories and professional photographers who are using the photos that they take to make their living. All digital cameras save the pictures taken on them onto some sort of memory. While a few digital cameras just save pictures to an internal built-in memory in the camera, most digital cameras save pictures to a memory card that can be removed from the camera for processing or replaced with a different card while on the go. Typically, a digital camera will only be able to use one particular type of memory card, making the type of camera you have determine the type of memory you need to purchase.
SD Cards
Secure Digital (SD) cards are one of the most common types of memory cards found in digital cameras. The flash memory cards are 32-by-24-by-2.1 millimeters and come in capacities ranging from just a few megabytes up to 2 gigabytes. In addition to digital cameras, SD cards are often used to save data in video game systems, digital camcorders, MP3 players, PDAs and GPS units. SD cards are also available in a high-capacity version (SDHC) with capacities ranging from 4 gigabytes to 32 gigabytes, and an extended capacity version (SDXC) with a capacity from 32 gigabytes to 2 terabytes. SD cards are used in cameras made by Canon, Nikon, Samsung and Kodak.
microSD
microSD cards are miniature versions of standard secure digital cards. The smaller cards are designed specifically to be used in exceptionally compact devices and are typically used only in digital cameras found built into mobile phones. microSD is the standard memory card of choice for all major cell phone manufacturers.
xD
xD is type of flash memory that was developed by Olympus and Fujifilm. xD cards measure 20-by-25-by-1.78 millimeters and come in capacities ranging from 512 megabytes to 2 gigabytes. The memory cards are used exclusively in cameras made by Olympus and Fujifilm and are also used in MP3 players and other portable electronics created by the two companies.
Memory Stick
A memory stick is a type of flash memory created by Sony for use in its devices. Memory sticks are only used in electronic devices created by Sony and are also used in other portable electronics created by the company. The traditional memory stick comes in sizes ranging up to 128 megabytes, with a larger "Memory Stick Pro" offering capacities up to 2 terabytes. Sony also offers a smaller version of the card for more compact cameras called "Duo" and a micro version to be used in Sony mobile phones.
Compact Flash
Compact flash cards were used heavily in digital cameras in the beginning. As cameras have gotten smaller, manufacturers have transitioned away from the large memory card in favor of smaller cards, such as the compact SD and xD. Compact flash cards measure 43-by-36-by-3.3 millimeters and come in capacities ranging from 2 megabytes to 137 gigabytes. Compact flash cards are typically found in higher-end professional quality cameras, as well as larger cameras that have the space to handle a larger memory card.
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A lux is a metric unit of measurement that represents the intensity of light. Lux meters, also called light meters, measure the lux of the light falling on a specific object.
Uses
Lux meters are most commonly used by photographers and cinematographers to determine the intensity of the light falling on a photographic subject. The photographer uses the lux reading to determine the camera's aperture and exposure settings.
Types
There are two main types of lux meters: reflected-light meters and incident-light meters. Reflected-light meters are situated near or in the camera itself and measure the intensity of the light reflected from the subject to the camera. Incident-light meters are situated as close to the subject as possible and measure the intensity of the light falling on the subject.
Reflected-Light Meters
These are commonly installed in consumer products like camcorders or point-and-shoot cameras. They work well for scenes in which light is relatively evenly distributed, since the readings they take are of the general light intensity in the scene. Scenes containing objects whose brightness varies greatly (such as sunsets) will generally not be properly exposed when using readings from reflected-light meters. Nevertheless, reflected-light meters are useful when shooting subjects the photographer is not at leisure to pose and measure.
Incident-Light Meters
These are always separate devices and generally used by serious film photographers. During measurement, they are held in front of the subject with their light receptor facing the camera. A photographer may measure the intensity of the light falling on several subjects in a scene before deciding set the camera.
Possible Obsolescence
While incident-light meters are essential for professional film photography, they are considerably less necessary in digital photography. Because it is easy and free to take a test shot with a digital camera, one that can be immediately examined, a digital photographer can use a camera's reflected-light meter for a base reading, make a test shot and adjust the exposure based on the results.
After you have taken pictures using your HP Photosmart M437 digital camera, you will need to transfer those image files to your computer where you can store and even manipulate the files, as well as print them using an attached photo printer. In order to facilitate the transfer of the image files, you will need to use the Photosmart M437's software on the computer, which you can also use to edit the image files once you have completed the transfer.
Instructions
1. Turn off the M437 by pressing the "On/Off" button so the "Power" light is no longer illuminated. Plug the USB cable that came with the M437 into the bottom of the camera as well as the computer's USB port.
2. Click the "Start" or Windows button on the bottom-left corner of the computer's screen, then click "Programs" or "All Programs." Hover the mouse over the "HP" folder and click "HP Photosmart Software."
3. Press the M437's "On/Off" button to turn the camera back on, then wait for the computer to detect the camera. Click the "Transfer Images" button in the camera's software once the software has detected how many photos are on the camera.
4. Disconnect the USB cable from the M437 and the computer once the photo files have all transferred to the computer.
Lighting effects are a big part of a DJ's job. They effectively set the mood and ambiance of the venue. A DJ lighting system is usually set up as an organized way of keeping track of all of the DJ's lighting equipment. There are five kinds of lighting equipment, but DJs only need the basics to create a dramatic effect.
LED Wash Effect
LED wash lighting flashes different-colored lights at alternate intervals. The use of LED technology makes it possible for this effect to flash very bright lights without breaking the bulbs. DJs can purchase a fully automated LED light, which automatically flashes along with the music. Lightning equipment for this effect includes a cyclorama light. This gives the DJ four to five different LED bulbs in one compact strip. PAR lights are used in this kind of lighting, as their beams are visible. This adds to the effect of the LED wash. This light allows for narrowing the beam down to a size not achievable with other lights. Colors seem to dance on the walls with this effect.
Slow Motion and Freeze Frame Effect
The slow motion and freeze frame effect makes use of strobe lights of different colors. Light flashes repeatedly at a fast rate, which creates the stroboscopic effect. This creates the illusion that time is running slowly or has stopped entirely. Strobe lights are the most important piece of equipment to achieve this effect. This kind of light flashes very bright beams with a wide coverage. Strobe lights vary in size and shape. Color LED mini-strobe, egg strobe and round strobe lights are just a few examples. Light beam effects can vary according to the combination of different strobe lights.
Laser Light Effects
Laser light effects make use of smoke or fog machines and laser lights to create a unique effect. It bounces off visible light beams from one point to another. This technology allows you to make many different laser light effects. DJs can write and draw patterns on walls and ceilings. Laser lights shooting several rows of straight beams are also a popular effect. There are many different types of laser lights. Light travels through air in a laser beam effect. However, a laser screen effect requires a surface for the projection of the laser light. The two have very different effects and are used together or separately.
A GSM antenna is a cellular antenna that attaches to your car as well as your car's GPS unit. This enables the GPS unit to retrieve the appropriate guidance information. The antenna attaches to the roof of your car. You can attach it yourself even if you don't know much about electronics or automobiles.
Instructions
1. Locate a space on the interior of your windshield in which to place the rectangular GSM antenna. Make sure it won't be obstructed by metal objects and that it won't be in your way.
2. Clean and dry the area thoroughly with a cloth and water. Make sure the area is completely dry.
3. Peel off the adhesive cover from the back of the antenna and place the antenna vertically over the spot. Press down firmly to ensure that it sticks in place.
4. Plug one end of the included cable into the port on the antenna and run the other end to the exterior input port on the front of the GPS. You can unplug this cable when the GPS isn't in use.
To obtain a passport, you need a properly sized photo.
To get a passport, one of the items you need is a photo of yourself. The photo should be clear, with a plain background, preferably white. There should be no glare on the photo or any distortion. The size of the photo varies between countries. Depending on the country you are trying to obtain a passport, you need to find out the precise size you need to bring.
Instructions
Printing at Home
1. Find out the size of the photo you need. For the United States, for example, the photo needs to be 2 by 2 inches.
2. Size the photo at 1,060 pixels by 1,060 pixels or 530 dots per inch (DPI) on your computer.
3. Print the photo using photo paper on your printer.
Taking the Photo to a Store
4. Take your photo --- a hard copy or on a memory card --- to a store. Stores like CVS and Walgreens have photo departments and specialize in passport photos.
5. Go to the photo kiosk and insert the memory card into the kiosk. If you have a hard copy of the photo, use the scanner and scan the photo.
6. Follow the instructions on the screen for the passport photo and print it.
7. If the kiosk is not working, there should be a store employee who can process your request and print your photos.
Post Office
8. Go to the post office if you do not have access to a camera or are not able to print the photo.
9. Go to the area of the post office where passports are accepted.
10. Tell the post office worker that you need your passport photo taken. That person takes it and provides the photo.
Tags: post office, hard copy, memory card, obtain passport, obtain passport need, passport need
With technology being readily available for the consumer as well as the professional, there is a drive to constantly push the quality of the image that is captured to a higher standard. High Definition (HDTV) as we know it today, is rapidly become the preferred video format in which to view programming in many television throughout the world. The purpose of this article is to give you the dispel some of the myths and misconceptions of HDTV as well as give a history and insight as to where this technology is heading in the future.
Misconceptions
The major misconception is that HDTV is a relatively new phenomenon. The term high definition or HDTV, is used to describe a series of television systems from the 1930s and 1940s, starting with the British 405-line black-and-white system which was originally introduced in 1936. This also included the American 525-line NTSC system established in 1941. However, these systems were only "high definition" when compared to earlier systems. Another common misconception is that that 24P is always an HD format, and this is simply not true. The term "high definition" refers to the number of lines of resolution contained in the image you are capturing--which bears no correlation to the frame rate, which is what the "P" in 24P refers to.
The Facts
There are many different types of HD resolutions, the most common of which is 1920x1080, which is also referred to as 1080p or 1080i (interlaced). Simply put, interlaced makes the image look more like " standard" video, whereas 24 progressive is the video equivalent of film and gives the image a softer or " film" look. The reason it gives that " film look" look is because it eliminates the artifacting caused by the interlaced frames. So, let's take a small trip down memory lane and see where HDTV originated.
History of
Keeping in mind that by today's standards, these following HDTV formats would be considered standard def, but back in the day, there were in fact high definition. All of these following systems used interlaced video (as opposed to progressive) with the 4:3 aspect ratio. In 1936: System-A was used in the UK. This system had 405 lines at 50 hz--the system was discontinued in 1986. In 1938: Several European countries began using a 441 line system, with France being the last to discontinue this system in 1956. The USA began using the System-M in 1939. This system, which had 525 lines at 60 hz. European, beginning in 1952 and ending in 1956, adopted the system of 625 lines at 50 hz with both PAL and SECAM color entering in 1956. Also in 1956, the French (monochrome) system of 819 line at 50 hz system began it's launch and was used for 50 years, finally being discontinued in 1986. Since the formal adoption of DVB's widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s, the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems are now regarded as (so called) standard definition television systems.
Identification
In 1986, Sony began it's introduction of what we know today as High Definition Television. Today when someone, the consumer for example, uses the term HDTV, they commonly are using shorthand for the 1080i, format of high-definition video mode. The number 1080i notates the amount of horizontal scan lines (1080) also known as vertical resolution, while the letter "i" stands for interlaced and "p" stands for progressive scan. Also, in 1080i high-definition television (HDTV) video mode, one usually assumes as a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, implying a horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels and a frame resolution of 1920 í-- 1080 or about 2.07 million pixels. However this HDTV notation is slowly being replaced by it's more preferred cousin, the progressive format.
Evolution
Although the interlaced format is the more commonly broadcast format, the progressive format is slowly become more and more prevalent, especially amongst production companies who want their shows to have the softer "film" look that progressive video offers. The progressive format 1080p is also being foreseen as the future of broadcasting standard not only in the United States, but in other countries as well. 1080p is the shorthand name for a category of display resolutions, just like 1080i, in that the number "1080" represents 1,080 lines of vertical resolution (1080 horizontal scan lines) while the letter "p" stands for progressive scan, which simply means that the image is not interlaced. 1080p can also be referred to as full HD or full high definition to differentiate it from other HDTV video modes. When you uses the term 1080p, you also assume a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9. This implies a horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels. This creates a frame resolution of 1920í--1080, or 2,073,600 pixels in total.
Effects
The effects is that as the industry embraces progressive over interlaced, the consumer will see more programming broadcast in the progressive video format, which may mean an upgrade in your home systems. Both ATSC Standards and DVB support 1080p video at the frame rates of 24, 25 and 30 frames per second, which breaks down to 1080p24, 1080p25 and 1080p30. Higher resolutions will require higher bandwidth to broadcast. So, higher frame rates, such as 1080p50 and 1080p60 could only be sent with more bandwidth or if a more advanced codec, such as H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and AVS, were used. Keep in mind that higher frame rates such as 1080p50 and 1080p60 are foreseen as the future broadcasting standard for production. So really what this means to the consumer is that they will need to ensure the television they are purchasing now will accommodate the newer video formats.
Expert Insight
Having produced both programming in standard def and high def, there is a significant increase in the networks' delivery requirements to deliver shows in both formats. The future for 1080i looks like it is going the way of the dinosaur as the entertainment industry has embraced 1080p24 as a mastering format in both native 24p form and in 24PsF form. This may be the first universal video standard which transcends continental boundaries. This is an area previously reserved for film. Wrapping progressive video into the interlaced stream allows the video to maintain the progressive format, while minimizing bandwidth requirements using interlaced equipment.
Tags: progressive format, progressive video, resolution 1920, 1080p also, aspect ratio, film look, frame rates
When attempting to identify a problem with your Philips plasma TV, perform basic troubleshooting steps endemic to every kind of TV before trying anything more specific. Check the power supply to make sure the TV is plugged in. Replace the batteries in the remote control with new ones, or change your position to give the remote a direct line to the set itself. Change the position of the antenna if the picture isn't clear, or contact your cable/satellite provider to tell them you're having problems. Check the connections on all of your cables to make sure they're secure: It sometimes helps to unplug them and then plug them back in to see if they'll work.
Can't Get a Show
An inability to receive a specific show probably means that the Philips parental controls are in effect. To correct the problem, press the "Menu" button on the remote, then select the menu labeled "Channels." Scroll over to the "Ratings Lock" section, then push the right-hand cursor to enter the list. Type in your pass code, then press "OK" to activate or deactivate the parental-control settings.
Can't Get a Channel
An inability to receive a specific channel likely means it hasn't been programmed into your Philips plasma TV. Press the "Menu" button, then select the "Channels" menu. Scroll down to the "Preferred Channels" setting, then push the right-hand cursor to enter the list of stored channel numbers. Pick the channel you want to receive and hit the "OK" button. It should now be added to the TV's memory.
Can't Change Channels
Philips plasma TVs have a channel lock option, which lets you set one specific channel and change stations using a cable box or VCR. To unlock it, Press the "Menu" button and access the "Channels" menu. Then select "Channel Lock" and click on the channel that is currently locked. Select it and press "OK" to unlock it.
Picture Distorted or Cut Off
Different TV shows are broadcast in different aspect ratios. If a show looks distorted or part of it is cut off, the Philips plasma TV is set to the wrong ratio. Press the "Format" button on the remote to access the available format choices, then select the one that provides the best picture for the show you're currently watching.
Instructions in a Foreign Language
If the onscreen instructions are in a language you don't understand, the Philips plasma TV has been set to the wrong one. Correct it by exiting whatever menu you're currently in, pressing the "Menu" button on the remote, scrolling down to the third item listed and pressing the right-hand cursor key to reach the language settings. You can then scroll up or down to reach the language you want and activate it by pressing the "OK" button.
Tags: Menu button, button remote, Philips plasma, right-hand cursor, Channels menu
Whether you're the photographer or the model, there are certain things you should do to prepare for an upcoming photo shoot. Though it may seem simple enough at first glance, modeling for a photographer is hard work. Being the one taking photographs is also a challenge, even in these days of digital photography.
Instructions
For Photographers
1. Think about the concept or themes you want to achieve with your shots beforehand. If you have ideas about what you'd like to achieve, whether commercially or creatively, this will help you to visualize what you're looking for, and it will also help you to direct your model to create the best photos.
2. Make sure an assistant will be able to attend the shoot at the proper time. If there will be costume changes, hire a wardrobe assistant. If you need someone do the model's hair and makeup, make sure they come properly equipped with all the necessary tools.
3. Familiarize yourself with your set or location before you arrive, so that you'll know where things such as outlets are located. You may also need permission to use public spaces, so be sure you have the appropriate permits before you arrive. For outdoor shoots, have a place nearby where you can store your gear in case of rain.
4. Bring extras of everything you may need, if you're going to be shooting on location. This includes batteries and battery packs, film, memory cards, lights and extension cords.
5. Don't forget your model release forms. Be sure that your models know what is expected of them and how much (if any) they will be paid for their time. Get them to sign a release that will enable you to show the work to others.
For Models
6. Read the model release form and any contracts the photographer wants you to sign. This will tell you how the photos will be used and what rights you will have as the model in the images, as well as how much (if anything) you will be paid and when. Read both of these documents carefully, as you will need to look out for your own rights and interests. If you do not understand them, ask questions.
7. Be prepared to sit with hair and makeup assistants, if you're on a professional shoot. Conversely, you may be working with an amateur photographer who cannot afford to hire assistants. If you will need to do your hair or makeup, bring the appropriate items.
8. Bring various attire for the shoot, depending upon the photographer's instructions. Be as faithful as you can to the photographer's descriptions of the items he wants you to bring to the shoot, as this will make things run more smoothly.
9. Be prepared and follow directions. Sometimes it can be difficult to stand still or to hold your body in certain positions for long periods of time, but that is the job of the model. Do the best that you can. Don't be afraid to try new things if asked to improvise.
Tags: hair makeup, before arrive, model release, will need, will paid, with your
Coax cable is popular for many audio and other noise-sensitive systems. It provides a rugged connection while being flexible and difficult to short out. BNC connections are the most common type of connector used with coax cable. Preparing the coax properly for a BNC connector is important for ensuring safe operation of your equipment.
Instructions
1. Inspect the coaxial cable to ensure it is not damaged. If there is any question, use a DMM (digital multimeter) to check the resistance between the center conductor and the shield layer is at least 50K ohms. Using the utility knife, carefully cut the outer insulation layer of the coax 1/2 inch back from the end of the cable. Peel the insulation away and inspect the shielding (wire mesh) underneath for damage.
2. Using the diagonal cutters, trim 3/8 inch of the shielding back from the end. Press the remaining mesh back along the axis of the cable to loosen it for later installation of the BNC connector.
3. Using the utility knife, carefully cut the inner insulation (usually a white plastic) 1/4 inch back from the end of the cable, exposing the solid center connector. Inspect the line of the cut to ensure the center conductor was not damaged. The coaxial cable is now prepared for installation of the BNC connector.
Tags: back from, back from cable, center conductor, coaxial cable, from cable, inch back
Make your own mineral-based foundation for your face.
Mineral cosmetics are light, good for your skin and made of natural ingredients. Making your own mineral cosmetics at home provides you with a craft that allows you to take control of your personal skincare and beauty routine. Following directions for making your own mineral powder foundation gives you the ability to formulate your own custom shade that possesses the skin benefits of mineral makeup.
Instructions
1. Add the beige-colored mica mineral and the kaolin clay powder to the low-profile cosmetic jar. Use a plastic, wide-mouthed jar, which can be purchased from any craft and hobby supply shop, as with the other ingredients needed in this recipe.
2. Add the tonal-colored mica powder to the jar. For a tonal color, choose something close to your skin tone. For example, if you have an olive complexion, choose a tan-based color. For dark-colored skin, choose a deep-bronze mica, and for a fair complexion, shades of pink and ivory work well.
3. Secure the lid of the jar and shake it for about a minute. This thoroughly disperses the colored mica powders into a blended color that matches your skin tone. The kaolin clay gives it a silky consistency that provides the makeup with the ability to spread evenly when applied.
Tags: your skin, your skin tone, kaolin clay, skin tone, your mineral
Nickel-metal hydride batteries (NiMH) are the best rechargeable cells to use.
Choosing the right type of battery for your home devices and electronics is hard enough, but knowing which is the most efficient and long lasting can be even harder. With any battery type you should be looking out for high capacities and increased energy densities--you should also look out for practical advantages like a cell being rechargeable and the correct size for your device.
Oxyride Batteries and High-Drain Alkalines
Oxyride and alkaline cells are the most common household batteries. These batteries are used to power most home items and electronics, which make them ideal for people who don't use many batteries and are not interested in recharging used-up cells. Both battery types are very cheap, but--of the two--oxyride batteries cost slightly more and last much longer than alkaline cells. High-drain alkalines are a type of alkaline that you can buy for high-drain devices like digital cameras. Common brands include Duracell Ultra and Kodak Photolife, and these are much better batteries than standard alkalines. According to Michael Bluejay's Battery Guide website, alkaline batteries don't vary much between brands, so buy cheaper generic company cells when you see them.
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries
Nickel-metal hydride batteries--usually abbreviated to NiMH--are great for everyday electronic use and are far superior to the similar nickel cadmium cells (NiCd). NiMH batteries are commonly used in low-cost consumer devices like electric razors, cameras and automotive batteries. NiMH batteries are rechargeable and cost roughly the same as a NiCd--what makes them better though is their high capacity and energy density (40 percent higher than a NiCd). One of the drawbacks to a NiMH battery is its high self-discharge rate, which means it will still go dead after a few months even if you don't use it. This makes them best used in everyday devices and not emergency electronics like torches and smoke detectors.
LiPo Batteries
Lithium-ion polymer batteries--also known as LiPo batteries--are the rechargeable cells that offer a long-lasting and lightweight alternative to batteries that are not rechargeable. LiPo batteries are commonly used in remote control RC vehicles like helicopters and planes. According to the RC Fun Helicopter website, the better LiPo batteries are ones that contain a high capacity and discharge rate. Capacity is measured in milliamp hours (mAh) and tells you how much load it can take to be depleted in an hour. The higher the mAh value, the longer the cell will last. Some of the recommended LiPo manufacturers include FlightPower, Thunder Power and Hobby King. LiPo batteries will run out of power eventually, so you must buy a charger to avoid your RC vehicle breaking down mid-session.
Batteries to Avoid
Rechargeable alkaline batteries--like those by Pure Energy and AccuCell--are a bad choice for a rechargeable cell. These alkaline batteries can't be recharged nearly as many times as a nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) or nickel cadmium cell (NiCd), and they also can't be used in high-drain devices such as digital cameras. The capacity of these rechargeable alkalines also drops every time they are used--this makes them increasingly ineffective over time. Lithium batteries should also be avoided: they are expensive, non-rechargeable and toxic, which means they cannot be thrown in the trash. NiMH batteries are a better choice if you are considering using a lithium cell.
Get acquainted with Olympus' EVOLT E-410 DSLR camera.
Olympus' E-410 camera was originally released in May of 2007. The entry-level digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera was marketed toward beginning and amateur photographers. Though its simple interface makes the E-410 suitable for the casual holiday shooter, it also boasts features that will satisfy the more demanding shutterbug. As is true for Olympus' older film SLR cameras, the E-410 is lightweight and easily packed into a small carrying bag while traveling.
Instructions
Installing the Battery, Media Card and Lens
1. Set the lithium ion battery into the slot on the battery charger and connect it to an AC outlet. Both the battery and the charging dock will be included with your camera. A full charge takes roughly four hours, or until the indicator light turns green.
2. Locate the battery compartment cover on the underside of the camera body and slide it open. Insert the battery so that it clicks into place and then slide the cover closed.
3. Slide open the storage card cover on the right side of the camera. Insert either an xD-Picture Card, CompactFlash or Microdrive into the slot and slide the cover closed.
4. Mount the lens by aligning the red dot on the lens barrel with the corresponding dot on the mounting thread on the front of the camera body. Turn the lens clockwise to lock it into place.
5. Press the power switch on the top-right side of the camera. Turn the mode dial, located next to the power switch, to the "AUTO" position.
Shooting the E-410
6. Compose your shot by looking through the camera's viewfinder window. Alternate between a horizontal and vertical holding position, or change your vantage point to experiment with different composition.
7. Press the shutter button halfway to automatically focus on your subject or scene. This also makes a light reading of the scene and sets the aperture, or lens opening, and shutter speed combination which will provide proper exposure. To focus manually, move the AF switch on the lens barrel to the "MANUAL" position.
8. Take your picture by pressing the shutter button all the way down.
9. Review your photographs by pressing the "Playback" button, located on the back of the camera near the LCD preview screen. Erase images by pressing the "Delete" button, which has a small icon of a trash can on it.
10. Switch between shooting modes once you become familiar with the E-410's operation. Manual mode provides you complete control over aperture, shutter speed, white balance (tonal characteristics) and exposure compensation. Aperture and shutter priority modes let you choose your desired lens opening or shutter speed while the camera selects the other settings automatically.
Tags: shutter speed, camera body, cover closed, DSLR camera, into place
SD memory cards allow for large volumes of data to be compactly stored. These memory cards also allow for superior data mobility between computers. SD cards are read through a memory card reader that acts like a normal logical drive in the operating system. This familiar interface allows for simple data manipulation between the card and a computer using basic computing skills.
Instructions
1. Insert the SD card into your memory card reader.
2. Click the "Start" button located in the bottom left corner of the desktop.
3. Click the "My Computer" button.
4. Double-click the drive icon associated with the memory card reader.
5. Select the files you wish to upload to the computer.
6. Right-click one of the selected files and select the "Copy" heading.
7. Navigate to the location you wish to upload these files to using the address bar located at the top of the current Windows Explorer window.
8. Right-click in the blank space of the folder you wish to place the files into and select the "Paste" heading. This uploads the files from the SD memory card to the computer.
Ford automobiles sometimes come equipped with CD changers, devices that allow you to load multiple compact discs into them at once and switch through them via the stereo face or a remote installed in the center console. Like anything else, they can malfunction form time to time, and may not properly eject your discs. Checking a few trouble spots on both the stereo and the car may fix this problem and save you money on a new CD changer.
Instructions
1. Make sure there aren't two CDs loaded into the same slot in your changer. If this has happened your changer will likely jam and not eject. Performing this task will depend on the model of changer you are using. Some trunk-located external CD changers will let you open them up and change CDs in and out at will, while other external models and dashboard-embedded consoles will require dismantling. Read the CD changer's user manual for proper instructions on do this; if none are provided you may have to seek professional assistance.
2. Check for any loose or damaged wiring that may lead to functions of your CD changer not operating properly. Intermittent problems with the CD changer are a good sign that something is not tightly connected. The changer's ground wire, a wire that acts as a conductor and completes the electrical circuit required for the CD changer to function, is the likely culprit in this case. Tightening it to the car or replacing it should remedy the problem.
3. Check your car's fuses to make sure none have blown. These are typically located in the glove box, under the hood or under the dashboard of your car. Check the fuse map located on the lid of the box; one should say "stereo" or "CD changer" or something else to this effect. Each fuse has a small metal pin on the inside of it which is made visible by a transparent plastic coating. If this coil is snapped or shows clear signs of being burnt you have a bad fuse. The size of the fuse is indicated by a number on the top so you know what fuse you need to replace it with.
4. Have your car battery tested to make sure it is holding enough of a charge to fully operate your CD changer. Any operations that use moving parts, such playing or ejecting a CD, require more electricity to work than other functions. This is often a problem with after-market modifications; the battery simply may not be powerful enough to run larger speaker systems than the ones originally installed. Other signs of this problem may be slow-moving automatic windows and dim lights in and outside of the car. Many auto parts stores offer free battery testing; if your battery is low you may need a new one. You should also consult a professional car audio installer on a proper battery for operating additional devices.
Transferring photos to a pen drive is simple with the right tools.
One of the best things about technology today is its portability. With the advent of small digital cameras, laptop computers and pen drives (also known as USB drives, flash drives or thumb drives), you can literally take your photo library with you anywhere you go. Although you can't get your images directly from your camera to your pen drive, simply using your computer as an intermediary step makes transferring your images simple.
Instructions
1. Attach your camera's transfer cable to the camera and to your computer's USB port. Ensure a secure connection and that your camera's battery is fully charged. If your camera has an A/C adapter, use that instead of running off battery power.
2. The pen drive, also known as a USB, thumb or flash drive.
Insert the pen drive to the USB port. Ensure a secure connection, and wait for the drive to mount to your computer. Alternately, if you have a card reader for your computer and you can remove the memory card from your camera, insert the memory card into the reader and wait for the card to mount.
3. Removable memory cards are an easy way to transfer images from your camera.
Locate the memory card or camera in your drive hierarchy. In Windows systems, the memory card will mount as a drive or removable disk. On Macs, the card will mount as a drive. In either operating system, if a camera is connected directly to the computer, you may need special software provided by the camera's manufacturer to move pictures off the camera.
4. Open the camera's transfer software and locate your camera, usually designated by its model number in the main window. Your images will show up as file names in the window. Select them all and click the "Download" or "Transfer" button (or the equivalent in your software). The images will download to the default location you chose when first setting up the software.
If you're using the card reader, simply drag and drop the images from the card to a folder on your computer. It's a good idea to label the folder with the date or location where the images were taken.
5. Open two separate windows (on a Windows machine, Windows Explorer; on a Mac machine, open the Finder). Open the downloaded images folder in one window and the pen drive's folder in the other window.
6. Click on each image you want to transfer to the pen drive, holding down the "Ctrl" button (Windows) or the "Command" button (Mac) to select multiple images at the same time. Drag the images from the location on your computer to the pen drive window, and release the mouse button to begin transferring the images. Repeat this step for all the images you want to transfer.
7. Unmount or eject the pen drive from your computer before physically removing it from the USB port. This allows the computer to make sure that any information doesn't get lost before it can be saved.
Tags: your camera, your computer, from your, memory card, camera your, from your camera
You might want to trace a cell-phone number for a variety of reasons: to determine the identity or business behind the number, to locate the physical address or area of the number, or to determine the carrier the number is on. Tracfones are prepaid cell phones and can be difficult or even impossible to trace. But a few options exist on the Internet that may improve your chances.
Instructions
1. Locate reverse cell phone look-up services online. (See Resources for some options.) These websites offer free basic information on traceable numbers, as well as premium services that can give a detailed list of information about the owner of the cell-phone number. At the very least, these services may provide you with a general location or area of the cell phone.
2. Purchase a full report. If the reverse cell phone look up service indicates that no more information is available, you can purchase that report. Keep in mind that many prepaid phones, including Tracfones, do not require the user to register the phone or provide personal information, as minutes are purchased anonymously.
3. Contact the local police if the person using the Tracfone number is harassing you, making threats or spamming your phone. At the very least, this can alert authorities to the number being used, and if there is a credible threat to your safety, the authorities may contact Tracfone and ask for whatever information they may have on that particular number.
Through investigation, they may be able to uncover where and when the number was purchased and attempt to determine who purchased the number.
This level of investigation into the number's origins is likely to only occur in situations in which threats have been made from the number.
Tags: cell phone, cell-phone number, reverse cell, reverse cell phone, very least
The Numi 760 is a popular global positioning system (GPS) device created by Garmin, one of the worldwide leaders in GPS technology. The Numi 760 is around 4 inches wide and includes traffic information, text-to-speech capabilities and a multimedia section that can hold photos and music. The Numi 760, like most standard Garmin GPS devices, can easily route addresses to anywhere in the United States, and select locations around the world.
Instructions
1. Press the power button to turn on your Numi 760. (If your Garmin is plugged into your car's power outlet and the engine is on, the unit will turn on automatically.) Stand outside with the unit or make sure it has a clear view of the sky from your vehicle, and give it a minute or two to acquire the satellite signal. Once the green satellite bars have filled up, select "Where To" on the home screen.
2. Select "Address" and then hit "Change Address/Province," if needed. From there you can type in the state, city, street number and street name of your desired location, or select the state and city from a drop-down menu, and select "Go."
3. You can also search by category or company name. Type a word like "food," "hotel," "McDonald's" or "Target" into the search bar to retrieve a list of similar locations. Then highlight and select your desired location from the list. From the "Where to" screen, you can also click on "Points of Interest" and then choose "Food," "Lodging," "Shopping," etc.
4. Wait for your route to be populated, and you will be presented with a distance, travel time, street layout and traffic update.
Tags: desired location, state city, your desired, your desired location
The Nikon D80 is a mid-level digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera. It offers the benefits of digital photography, such as instant image review, and advanced features like interchangeable lenses. The camera's automatic mode is designed to make shooting photos easy, yet can be too automatic sometimes. To prevent the camera from resetting the exposure as you recompose your image, use the auto exposure lock feature. This will keep the camera's settings the same as you aim the lens at different subjects.
Instructions
1. Rotate the shooting dial on top of the camera to either the P, S or A mode.
2. Aim the camera at the subject. Press the shutter button halfway to gain focus and set the exposure.
3. While still holding the shutter button, press the AE-L/AF-L button to lock the exposure. An "AE-L" icon will appear in the viewfinder while the lock is active.
4. Continue holding the AE-L/AF-L button and press the shutter button fully to take the photo.
If you are going to buy a digital camera, you'll need to decide on camera resolution. The camera's resolution is the amount of detail that the camera can capture in each photo. Resolution is measured in pixels--light sensitive squares that make up the sensor in a digital camera. The more pixels, the better the resolution. Follow these steps to learn choose the camera resolution that will work for you and your photography needs.
Instructions
Understand Camera Resolution
1. Understand the different pixel amounts available and how they correspond to the megapixels found on the camera. A 1 megapixel camera is 1216 x 912 pixels. A 1600 x 1200 pixel camera corresponds to about 2 megapixels. Four megapixel cameras have 2240 x 1680 pixels, and 4064 x 2704 pixel cameras have 11.1 megapixels.
2. Understand what megapixel resolution is generally needed for different uses. For instance, if you will be simply emailing photos to your friends or posting them on a website, and you don't ever need to print the photos out, you can get away with a 640 x 480 pixel camera, which is less than 1 megapixel. One megapixel cameras are the lowest end you should try if you will print out images, and this corresponds to 1216 x 912 pixels. If you want to print out a 4 x 6 photo, you want at least a 2 megapixel camera.
3. Know that larger printouts of photos require better resolution cameras. A 4 megapixel camera is recommended for printing photos up to 16 x 20 inches. If you want poster size, large images printed out, you need a professional quality camera with at least 10 megapixels.
4. Put all of this information together. The higher the resolution, the better and larger print you can make from the image taken on your camera.
Chose the Camera Resolution You Need
5. Determine your budget. In general, higher resolution cameras will cost you more money. You can always check around for great bargains and sales, but just realize that the cost goes up with the megapixel amount.
6. Decide what type of picture you will be taking. If you desire to take a photo of a beautiful sunset that you will keep and cherish forever, you will want a higher resolution. If you're just taking a photo that will become an email to a friend, you can use a lower resolution.
7. Determine the clarity you will need in your photos. If you are going to take a photo of something with printed words, you'll need a higher resolution. If you wish to take a closeup picture of a flower, with acute detail, you'll need more resolution. If you are taking a picture of something large, like the sky or ocean, you don't need as much clarity.
8. Assess how large you will want your prints to be. If you want a 4 x 6 print, you could use as low as a 1 megapixel digital camera. If your prints will be larger, such as a 16 x 20 inch print, you should use at least a 4 megapixel camera.
9. Determine what use will be made of your printouts. If you will be selling the photos or entering them in a contest, you will need a higher resolution than if you will just be giving printouts to friends as keepsakes. Whereas you could print out a 4 x 6 photo of good quality with a 2 megapixel digital camera, if you want it to be a professional quality print, you would want at least 4 megapixels of resolution or more.
10. Determine what use will be made of your camera. If you plan to take professional quality photos, you should get a camera with at least 16 megapixels for professional quality.
Tags: higher resolution, digital camera, megapixel camera, professional quality, camera resolution, least megapixels, that will
You can purchase an SD card for your Garmin GPS to store additional files, such as maps, photos or music, instead of using the internal memory of your GPS. To see the files, insert the card into the SD cardholder on your device and display them on your Garmin GPS. Removing files from the SD card is easy.
Instructions
1. Connect the small end of your Garmin USB cable to the connector on the back or bottom of your Garmin GPS. Plug the larger end of the cable into a USB port on your computer.
2. Open the Garmin SD card drive under the "My Computer" icon if you use a Windows PC. The SD drive appears as a mounted volume on a Mac computer; open that.
3. Highlight the file you wish to delete and click the "Delete" key on your computer keyboard. A pop-up screen verifying that you want to delete this file may appear. Click "OK" if you wish to proceed. Repeat this step with all the files you want to delete from your Garmin SD card.
Tags: your Garmin, Garmin card, want delete, your computer
Once you have selected all the custom components for your home theater, it is time to install it. Since a separate component home theater system is a hodge-podge of different components, it obviously does not come with a manual for installation. So, here are some steps on set up a separate component home theater system.
Instructions
1. Choose a good room for your home theater. Make sure there are wall outlets nearby. Unpack your equipment and save all the packaging in case you have to return something.
2. Start connecting the components. Begin by running the RCA cables from the outputs on your cable box or satellite antennae into your VCR/DVD player inputs.
3. Connect the VCR/DVD player to the receiver. Send the audio and video outputs from the VCR/DVD player to the audio and video inputs of the receiver.
4. Hook up the audio output from your monitor or television to the receiver's input labeled "AUX" or "TV."
5. Connect all the speakers to the receiver. Be sure that the polarity is correct (positive and negative) as you connect each speaker into its respective channel (center, left, right, subwoofer, rear). Hook up any surround sound cables into the surround sound inputs on the receiver.
6. Position your speakers in the theater. Put the central channel speaker above your television and centered with the screen. Put the subwoofer near the floor and screen, and then position your left and right speakers equidistant from the central channel. Rear speakers should be positioned behind, on the rear wall.
7. Sit back and watch a new DVD. Take your time to make sure all of your speakers are working properly.
Tags: home theater, audio video, central channel, home theater system, inputs receiver, left right
When using a VCR to record television programming or transfer videos, you have at least two standard recording options. The most common are SP (Standard Play) and SLP (Super Long Play). Which option you choose will affect the quality of the video and the length of recording time you can get from your VHS tape. Understanding how the formats work will help you operate your VCR more effectively.
Time Frame
SP recordings feature the highest quality possible, while SLP recordings have somewhat lower quality but can record much more programming. A 120-minute (T-120) tape records 120 minutes in SP and up to 360 minutes in SLP mode. Some recorders also offer an LP mode in-between SP and SLP; it records up to 240 minutes on a 120-minute tape.
Function
Set a VHS to record in SP or SLP modes by pressing the "Record Mode" or "SP/SLP"
button on your VCR remote or selecting the appropriate option on your menu screen. When you play a tape, the mode may appear briefly in the upper right or left corner of the screen.
Types
SLP often goes by other names depending on the VCR brand. EX or EP stands for Extended Play, and the term is interchangeable with SLP.
Features
Most studio movie releases on VHS are in SP because the format offers the highest quality to consumers and is available on all VCRs. Television series or independent features may be released on SLP to allow more programming or to save money.
Considerations
SLP VHS tapes can fast-forward through video faster because the video signal uses less tape. The SLP setting is ideal to record weekly shows or security footage in a place of business.
Tags: highest quality, more programming, records minutes
The SB-800 was Nikon's top of the line external flash until replaced by the SB-900 in 2008. The SB-800 had a range of 2 to 66 feet (.6 to 20 meters), depending on the ISO, and used Nikon's Creative Lighting System (CLS), which offered additional shooting options with certain digital cameras from Nikon, including the D2H and D70.
Batteries
The SB-800 has several options for batteries. It can run on four AA batteries for basic operation. While alkalines work, it is better to use lithium AAs for longer life; for the best combination of longer life and fast recycling (an environmental friendliness), use rechargeable nickel-metal hydride AAs. The SB-800 also comes with a quick recycling battery pack (SD-800), which can hold a fifth AA battery for even faster recycling times. Use this fifth pack for the best performance.
Testing the exposure value
The SB-800 allows a photographer to fire a monitor flash to test the exposure before taking a picture. If the flash is in Auto, or TTL (through the lens) mode, press the mode button until AA (Auto Aperture flash) appears on the LCD screen. Depress the shutter button on the camera halfway, then press the Flash button on the SB-800 to fire the flash. If the ready light is blinking, the exposure setting is incorrect, and the aperture on the camera will need to be adjusted.
A photographer taking portraits can also check to see how the subject is illuminated by pressing the Modeling Illuminator button on the left side of the flash to fire three lower output flashes and see if there are too many shadows or if the subject is properly lit.
Wireless
The SB-800 can act as a wireless commander flash for other SB-800s or SB-600s, allowing a photographer a lot more creative control. Press the SEL button and hold it for two seconds to activate the custom settings mode, then use the + and - buttons to scroll to Wireless. The modes available are Off, Master, Master (RPT) for strobe shots, Remote (to have the flash triggered wirelessly by another flash) and SU-4 for use with the Nikon SU-4 wireless commander. With certain Nikon cameras such as the D70, D80, D90, D200 and D300, the on-camera flash can trigger the SB-800 when the SB-800 is put in Remote mode; the flash will need to be on Channel 3, Group A, under the wireless settings for this to work. The SB-800 also comes with a flash stand, allowing the flash to be placed on a table, the floor or even a lighting stand.
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How far you sit from the TV is an important factor to determine the size you need.
Brand loyalty does not mean as much today as it did a several years ago. With a little investigation you may be surprised to find that two different TVs from different brands and at two different price points, use the same LCD screen manufactured by the same company in China. When picking a TV it is more important to compare the specifications, features and warranty of each brand. Decide first what type of TV you want, and what size, then you can compare the brands based on similar models.
Instructions
Preparation
1. Decide what type of TV you want before comparing brands. It is difficult to compare one brand of plasma TV with another brand's LCD TV, or an high-definition television with a non-HDTV.
2. Calculate the size of TV you want. Measure the amount of space you have available on your wall or on your TV cabinet to help determine the size of TV you want.
3. Measure the distance between the TV and your usual sitting place. If you are buying an HDTV, this distance should be between two and four times the size of the screen. If you are buying a non-HDTV, this distance should be between one and a half to three times the size of the screen.
4. Bring your measurements with you when shopping, especially if you are tight for space. TV screen sizes are measured diagonally and the stated screen size does not include the stand or frame. To compare physical dimensions look at the technical specifications for each TV.
Comparing Specifications
5. Compare resolutions. Resolution is the number of pixels in a one-inch line. Most resolutions today range between 720p to 1080p. A higher resolution is most important when watching high resolution media, like Blu-ray movies or high definition video games, or for screens 32 inches or larger. If you are watching on a smaller screen, or watching standard television, you will probably not notice a difference between a 720p resolution screen and one that is 1080p.
6. Compare refresh rates between brands. Refresh rates represent the amount of time it takes to refresh an image, measured in milliseconds. A lower number is better. A poor refresh rate can result in ghosting when there is fast action.
7. Examine brightness. This is a number given in Candelas per square meter (cd/m2). In this case, a higher number is better, especially if you watch TV in a brightly lit room.
8. Compare contrast. Contrast is a ratio, like 4000:1, showing the brightest and the darkest the screen is capable of showing at the same time. Dynamic contrast is a different ratio, showing the brightest and darkest the screen is capable of showing at different times.
Comparing Features
9. Make a note of which brands will connect most easily with the technology you have in your house. Many brands come with built-in Wi-Fi, computer network adapters, and USB ports. One brand may be worth a few extra dollars if you can watch movies from your iPhone or easily connect it to your computer to play video games.
10. Compare warranties. Ask about procedures should you need to return your TV. Ask how it is shipped, and who pays for shipping. Can you return your TV to the store?
11. Ask specifically about the warranty on burned-out pixels if you are buying an LCD TV. Some brands, for example, will only allow you to return a TV if more than two pixels are burned out when you open the box and turn it on for the first time. This can be a frustrating experience, seeing a bright white spot on a brand new TV.