Diy Film Developing

Developing your own film is a dying art. It is a process that requires practice, as it is a delicate and time-sensitive process. You should practice on unimportant rolls before you attempt to develop a roll that is of importance. In the long run, developing your own film can save you money if you still use a film camera. You will need to purchase some specialized materials from an art or photography shop.

Instructions

Preparation

1. Rinse the developing tank with hot water. Ensure there are no dried chemical spots. Allow the tank to dry.

2. Place the center column into your tank.

3. Unhook your reel from the tank by twisting it.

4. Set the tab on the reel to the appropriate groove for your film size. The first groove should be for 35mm, the next for 127 versions and the last for 120.

5. Reattach the reel onto the tank.

Loading the Film

6. Turn off all lights.

7. Open the film canister using a bottle opener.

8. Pull out the film while being careful to touch only the edges.

9. Cut off the leader portion of the roll.

10. Feed the film into the reel a few centimeters.

11. Twist the reel until all of the film is inside. Cut the end off so it is detached from the spindle.

12. Put the reel into the tank.

13. Attach the lid of the tank

14. Turn on the lights.

Developing the Film

15. Add water to the tank. Let it sit for one minute if you have 35mm film or five minutes for 120. Pour the water out.

16. Check the back of your developer to find the dilution ratio and time needed to develop the film.

17.Create your dilution of developer by adding water to dilute it. If the dilution ratio is "1+4", add 4 parts of water for every 1 part of developer.

18. Add the developer solution to your tank, and attach the push cap onto the tank.

19. Set your timer to the time indicted by your developer solution container. Shake the tank for ten seconds every minute.

20. Pour your developer solution out once the time is up.

21. Fill your tank with water. Agitate it a few times. Pour the water out.

22. Repeat Step 7.

23. Dilute your fixer solution to the indicated dilution. Add the solution to your tank. Agitate it for 10 seconds for every minute it sits in the tank. Leave it in the tank for 5 to 10 minutes.

24. Repeat Step 9.

25. Remove the top of the tank, and slide out the reel. Look at your film to ensure that everything went to plan. Do not remove it from the reel yet. The film will look slightly purple. If the film looks too purple, repeat Step 9.

26

Fill your tank halfway with water. Agitate it fiercely for 30 seconds. Pour the water out. Do this for 10 minutes.

27

Add a small amount of wetting agent to the bottom of the tank. Fill the rest of the tank with water until you have covered your reel. Let it sit for 30 seconds. Pour the solution out.

28

Twist the reel apart.

29

Pull up one end of film and lift it from the reel. Clip your film into a dry, clean space. Put the weighted clip on the bottom.

30

Leave your film for four to eight hours to dry.

Tags: your film, your tank, with water, developer solution, Pour water, tank with

The Types Of Microphone Stands

Microphone stands come in varied configurations and combinations..

There are a variety of configurations for microphone stands. Among these configurations, there are a variety of combinations of these configurations. For instance, a tripod stand can be a straight microphone stand or it can be a boom stand. However, a boom stand does not necessarily have to have a tripod base. Understanding the differences between each type of microphone stand is key in deciding which type of microphone stand will work best for your needs.

Tripod Microphone Stands

Tripod microphone stands are identified by their tripod base and are known for being lightweight, functional and portable. Because of the way they are made, they often cost must less than other heavy-weight stands. They are offered in the typical straight-stand configuration as well as the boom stand configuration. Straight stands typically are used for vocal microphones. Boom stands can be used for vocals or manipulated to place microphones on a wide variety of instruments.

Round-Base Microphone Stands

Round-base microphone stands are identified by their round, weighted base and are known for the durability and reliability provided by their weighted base. Round base microphone stands also come in straight and boom configurations. Tripod stands remain stable because of their widely spread base. Round-base stands remain stable because of the weight of their base. Because of this, they are often used to provide stability when using heavy studio microphones. However, they also are used for everyday work in a studio and on stage.

Desk Microphone Stands

Desk microphone stands can be described as miniature round-base microphone stands. They are usually 9 to 12 inches in height and often are used as their name suggests, on a desktop. In addition to holding microphones on a desktop, they also are quite useful when placing a microphone on something close to the ground, such as a guitar amplifier.

Boom Microphone Stands

Boom microphone stands commonly come in tripod and round-base form. However, they also come in a heavy duty "Studio Boom" configuration that features a weighted base with casters, which makes moving the heavy-duty stand convenient. Boom stands feature an angled, extendable arm attached to the top of the microphone stand. Because of this, boom stands have the ability to assume a variety of positions for placing microphones.

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Managed Switch Vs Unmanaged Switch

Switches are devices used in connecting a Local Area Network, otherwise known as a LAN. A home network consisting of two computers that share an Internet connection and possibly a printer is a good example of a simple LAN that might employ an unmanaged switch. Conversely, in a typical office environment as the number of computers connected to the network increases, the complexity of that network will eventually reach a point where monitoring and control become imperative. To address that need, managed switches can be deployed, allowing the network administrator access to the necessary tools to regulate the network.

Ethernet Basics

A LAN consists of computer and peripheral devices that communicate by sending small pieces of data called packets to each other. Packets are data agnostic and can consist of any kind of data from word processing documents attached in an email to an IP-based camera sending a video stream or even a VoIP telephone conversation.

Packet Priority

It is important to understand that all packets are not equal in their importance and that when each packet is delivered will make a difference in the quality of the application being run. Specifically, the packets that make up part of a VoIP conversation are acutely time sensitive, whereas the packets that make up an email and attachment will remain unaffected if they are delayed for a second. In small networks, the amount of data that gets sent at any given time will remain minimal as compared to a large office, where dozens of computers are all sending and receiving data simultaneously. In order to ensure that data is prioritized according to its need, management is necessary to ensure that the time-sensitive packets be delivered as quickly as possible.

Unmanaged Switches

In scenarios where the network traffic is light, all that is required is a way for the data to pass from one device to another. In this case there is no need for prioritizing the packets as all the traffic will flow unimpeded. An unmanaged switch will fill this need without issues. It is important to note that a switch is not a hub. Hubs were a predecessor to switches and provide a similar but less-capable function.

Managed Switches

As the number of devices increases, the ability to ensure that the time-sensitive packets are prioritized becomes increasingly difficult as more concurrent streams of data hit the network. Another issue that may need to be dealt with is which devices have access to what portion of the network. An example of this might be where the accounting department needs to be walled off from the rest of the network for security purposes or where the production floor should be blocked from having Internet access. In both those cases a managed switch can fulfill that need. In addition, managed switches provide the ability to monitor each device on the network as well as limit the amount of bandwidth any device can use.

Smart Switches

Another class of switches is the Smart Switch, which offers some of the capabilities that managed switches offer but are more limited and less expensive that a managed switch. Smart Switches can make an excellent transition solution when the cost of a managed switch cannot be justified.

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Nikon D70 Tutorial

Released by Nikon in 2004, the Nikon D70 quickly became a commonly used digital single-lens reflex camera. Whether you are a professional photographer who needs a good back up camera, or an advanced amateur looking for a new camera, the D70 has something for both. With a 6.1 megapixel CCD, or Charge Coupled Device, sensor the camera offers amateur photographers a sensor that is large enough to produce photos that could easily enlarge up to 11 by 14 inches. The D70 also features three focusing modes, including a continuous servo auto-focus mode for sports or wildlife photography.

Instructions

1. Open the battery compartment located in the bottom of the molded grip and insert a fully charged battery into the Nikon D70. Slide open the memory card compartment located on the side of the molded grip and insert an empty "SD" memory card.

2. Attach a Nikon lens or a third party manufactured lens with a Nikon mount to the D70. Line up the guide dots on the outside of the lens to the guide dot on the camera mounting ring and rotate the lens counter clockwise until it clicks into place.

3. Rotate the power switch to turn the Nikon D70 on. The D70 gives you the ability to shoot in full manual mode where you control all the decisions or in full automatic mode where the camera automatically controls everything. The D70 will also let you shoot in other modes that fall in between these two extremes.

4. Turn the exposure mode dial on the top-left of the camera to "A" for "Aperture priority" mode. In this shooting mode, you turn the main dial located on the top-right back of the camera to control the lens aperture. Once you set the aperture, the camera will determine the best shutter speed to use.

5. Press the "ISO" button on left side on the back of the camera. ISO is the camera's light sensitivity setting. The higher the number, the less light the camera needs to function before the built-in flash operates. The trade-off is image quality. As ISO increases, image quality decreases. A good ISO setting for outdoors is "100" and a good setting for indoors is "400."

6. Press the "WB" button located just below the "ISO" button. This is one of the advantages of digital cameras. Light has different temperatures. Customizing the white balance to match the light in which you photograph not only improves the appearance of your pictures, it will reduce the amount of color-correction editing you will have to do in postproduction.

7. Turn the switch located on the front-right side of the camera's lens housing to "AF." This will put the camera into "Auto-focus" mode, provided you have an auto-focus lens on your camera. One hallmark of Nikon cameras is that you can use pretty much all of Nikon/Nikkor lenses on Nikon cameras.

8. Hold the camera up to your eye, and press the shutter release half way down to activate the camera's auto-focus and metering modes. Once the camera focuses and you compose the picture to your liking, press the shutter release the entire way to take the picture.

Tags: back camera, compartment located, good setting, grip insert, image quality

Rate An Underwater Camera

The world of underwater photography

Selecting an underwater camera means making a few further considerations for both amateur and professional photographers. Underwater cameras range from cheap disposable units for use in the pool to professional digital cameras designed for use on deep dives. Rating a camera involves taking a measure of each of the underwater camera's unique features and comparing them your specific situation; this will help you find a camera suited to your needs.

Instructions

1. Determine the picture quality you want or need from your underwater camera. Underwater cameras can be digital or film-based and range from under $20 for disposable, film-based cameras to many thousands of dollars for waterproof digital cameras. The picture quality will vary based on the quality of the camera; if you are looking for holiday photos, a disposable camera may be appropriate but for professional work, a waterproof digital camera may be more effective.

2. Check the resolution on digital format underwater cameras. Higher resolutions will allow you to create larger prints and projects, but the file sizes will be much larger. Since changing a memory card is not always an option when shooting underwater, choose a resolution where you will be able to get a number of pictures on one digital memory card or stick.

3. Check the minimum close-up, or macro, distance. This will tell you how close you need to be to your subject for a detailed close-up shot, which is especially useful for photographing aquatic wildlife, coral and shells.

4. Check the controls on the camera. Like dry camera gear, underwater cameras range from fully automatic to fully manual and everywhere in between. Check to see where the controls are on the camera and whether they will be easy to reach during a dive.

Tags: range from, cameras range, cameras range from, controls camera, digital cameras

Make Images For A Holiday Projector

A holiday projector is basically just a slide projector designed to "throw" a picture onto a wall or side of the house. The images that it uses are themed for the holidays and come with the projector, but it is easy to make your own images to use. This will add personality and "project" a sense of style to those who see the images. Making your own images will not hurt the holiday projector in any way.

Instructions

1. Measure the size of one of the holiday images that comes with the holiday projector. Take a piece of paper from the white drawing pad and put it down on the table in front of you. Draw a box to the size of the holiday image you have measured. Draw a holiday image inside of the box on the piece of paper with the permanent ink pen.

Wait for the ink to completely dry on the piece of paper.

2. Take the acetate sheet and place it on top of the piece of paper which has the holiday design you have drawn. Trace over the holiday design onto the acetate sheet using the black permanent ink pen. Wait for the ink to dry.

3. Pick up the acetate sheet and move the piece of white paper with the design on it away. Put the acetate sheet with the design on it in black ink back down on the table. Color in the image using first the red and then the green permanent ink pens. Wait for the red ink to dry before drawing with the green permanent ink pen. Wait for the image to be completely dry.

4. Put a piece of cardboard underneath the acetate sheet. Take the Exacto knife and carefully cut around the box of the holiday image you have drawn. Remove the holiday image you have drawn from the acetate sheet when the cutting with the Exacto knife is done.

5. Take the piece of acetate with the holiday image on it and insert it into the slide holder of the holiday projector. Turn on the holiday projector and watch as the holiday image you have drawn is projected on the wall or the side of the house.

Tags: acetate sheet, holiday image, holiday projector, have drawn, holiday image have, image have

Different Types Of Microscopes & How Each One Functions

A microscope can open a whole new world.

The first microscope was a tube with a lens on one end and the object on the other. This device only had a magnification of 10. Then in 1597 a Dutch Spectacle maker named Zaccharias Jansseen and his son Han discovered that when you arrange two lenses together a certain way it increases the amount of magnification. This was the birth of the modern microscope, which opened a whole new frontier of science to mankind. Today there are several different types of microscopes available to open up a whole new world.

Compound Microscope

The compound microscope is a very common type of microscope. The term "compound" means more then one lens is used. In the compound microscope you have two lenses. The primary lens is the one closest to the object and then there is the secondary lens, which is furthest from the object. The secondary lens is used to magnify the image of the primary lens. The primary lens is aimed at the condenser, or stage, and this is where the object to be magnified in the form of a slide is placed. A modern compound lens can magnify the original diameter of specimens 1000x to 2000x. The stage is illuminated with a light that shines through a diaphragm. The diaphragm is used to control the amount of light. This microscope is very common today and is still used as a teaching microscope.

The Fluorescence Microscope

The fluorescence microscope is designed to view specimens that fluoresce naturally or glow when treated with fluorescing chemicals. This means the specimens themselves are the light source. There are many materials that glow naturally, such as some chlorophyll and some minerals. They just need to be illuminated by a specific wavelength to make them glow. For specimens that do not glow naturally, they are treated with a fluorophore. The treated and non-treated specimens are then irradiated with a specific wavelength of light. This is absorbed by the specimens and causes them to emit a light of longer wavelengths. This is a different color then the absorbed light. The microscope then amplifies the light radiated by the specimen. The light is then run through filters geared toward a specific wavelength, and an image is produced on a dark background.

Transmission Electron Microscope

Electron microscopes are instruments that use high energy electrons to examine objects that are beyond the scope of the naked eye. An electron microscope can obtain the topography of an object, which is its surface features, determine its morphology or shape and size of an object, determine the composition of the object and finally tell a scientist how the atoms are arranged in an object.

This microscope works like a light microscope but instead of light, a beam of electrons is used. The beam of accelerated electrons is focused on the specimen using an electron gun that is powered by several million volts. The specimen to be viewed is in a vacuum chamber. The electrons bombard and pass through the image, where they are captured by an electron magnet that bends the light to produce a photo or image on a screen. The bouncing of the electrons off of the sample produces reactions. The various reactions are captured and transformed into an image by the microscope.This type is the most powerful of all electron microscopes. It can magnify something one million times.

Tags: primary lens, specific wavelength, compound microscope, glow naturally, lens used, light microscope

Make Postersized Photo Prints

Digital technology makes it easy to enlarge your favorite photo to be as large as a poster. Poster size prints can be great for any type of celebration, decoration or simply for memory's sake. They can also be a fun way to embarrass a friend.

Instructions

Print at Home

1. Choose a picture you want to enlarge to poster size and store it on your computer.

2. Go to a website which allows you to work with posters, like blockposters.com, and upload your picture to the site. Click the continue button. Pictures printed out poster size at home will be tiled by the site, so you can print section by section on your printer.

3. Use the website tools to choose the area of the picture you want to print and the size of your poster. Click the continue button.

4. Download the Portable Document File of your poster, and print it using your home computer using your desired type of paper.

5. Trim the white edges off of each page, and attach the pages together with tape or glue to form a large poster-sized photo.

6. Mount your new extra-large poster on a wall or other area.

Print Online

7. Choose a picture you want to enlarge to poster size and save it on your computer.

8. Access a website that allows you to print photos, like shutterfly.com. Go to their large format print section and select the desired size for your photo. The average poster size in 20x30 inches.

9. Upload your photo to their site, and preview the print to ensure that it is the size and resolution that fits your needs. Continue through the steps and select the shipping option that suits you best.

10. Pay online for your new poster-size print and wait for it to come in the mail.

11. Mount your new poster-sized picture on a wall or other area.

Print at the Store

12. Take the picture that you want poster size to your area photo center.

13. Ask the photo center attendant to enlarge your picture to poster size, or 20x30 inches.

14. Give the attendant your photo and ask when your new poster-size picture will be ready.

15. Return to the photo center. Look at the new print and make sure that it meets your standards. If not, ask the attendant to reprint it.

16. Mount your new poster on a wall or other area.

Tags: poster size, Mount your, other area, photo center, picture want, size your, wall other

Troubleshoot A Vivitar Digital Camera

Troubleshoot your Vivitar digital camera.

Vivitar digital cameras take high quality photographs at resolutions of up to 12 megapixels and have a variety of settings and options to help you take pictures in any environment. If your Vivitar camera is not functioning properly, troubleshooting the device can help solve the problem quickly. Troubleshoot your camera if it is not behaving normally or if the pictures you are taking do not look as good as you want them to look.

Instructions

1. Check to make sure the camera batteries are installed correctly and are fully charged. If your camera won't turn on when you press the "Power" button, connect the camera to your computer with the USB connection cable and let the battery charge before attempting to turn on the camera again.

2. Check to make sure your SD memory card is inserted in the camera if your camera cannot store pictures. Your Vivitar digital camera has a limited amount of built-in memory for taking test photographs and uses an SD card to store additional pictures. Insert an SD card into the SD card slot to ensure that you can save your pictures.

3. Check your SD memory card to ensure it has free space available if your camera cannot store pictures and your SD card is inserted. Transfer pictures from the SD card to your computer to create space on the SD card before taking additional pictures.

4. Adjust the "Scene" and "Flash" settings if your pictures are too bright or too dim. If your pictures are too bright, reduce the flash or change the "Scene" setting to a different mode and take the picture again. If your pictures are too dark, increase the flash or change the "Scene" setting to a low-light mode and take the picture again.

5. Reset your camera to its default settings to undo accidental setting changes. If the settings of your camera are different and you don't know what was changed, select "Default Setting" from the "Settings" menu and tap the "Enter" button. Confirm that you want to reset your camera by pressing the "OK" button.

Tags: your camera, your pictures, Vivitar digital, additional pictures, camera cannot, camera cannot store, camera your

Resize Highresolution Images For Logos

When creating a high-resolution logo for a business or sports team, it is important to make it the right size. Too large of a logo may look bulky and overbearing while too small of a logo may look weak and insignificant. Before putting the finishing touches on a logo, resize it and make sure it looks its best. Resizing high-resolution pictures for logos is a snap; all you need is a picture editing program such as Microsoft Paint, which is included with several Windows systems.

Instructions

1. Open Microsoft Paint by clicking the "Start" button on the bottom left corner of the screen, then "All Programs," then "Accessories" then "Paint."

2. Open the picture you wish to edit by clicking the "Paint" button, which has a downward-pointing arrow next to it, on the top left corner of the window, then "Open" then the name of the file.

3. Click "Resize" on the top of the window to open a new window.

4. Click "Pixels" to edit the size of the picture using pixels as the measurement. Make sure the box next to "Maintain Aspect Ratio" is checked.

5. Enter the desired size of the picture. The box next to "Horizontal" resizes the width of the picture and the box next to "Vertical" resizes the height of the picture.

6. Click "OK" when done to resize the picture. To undo the change, click "Edit" at the top of the window and click "Undo."

Tags: left corner, logo look, Microsoft Paint, picture next, size picture

Write On A Protected Memory Card On An Olympus Fe340 Camera

When memory card capacity is reached, "Memory Card Full" appears on the LCD screen.

The compact Olympus model FE-340 digital point-and-shoot 8-megapixel camera features a 2.7-inch LCD screen and an AVI-format video mode. Sometimes an inserted memory card might be protected, which prevents you from saving images to the card. You can work around this by either deleting protected images from the card to free up space or fully formatting the memory card, which erases all images and data. Once the memory card is reformatted, you can store new images on it.

Instructions

1. Slide the battery/memory card cover open on the bottom of the FE-340 with your finger. Insert the memory card into the memory card slot, which is thinner than the battery slot, with the metal contacts facing in and toward the back of the camera, until it clicks into place. Close the memory card cover.

2. Insert the small end of the supplied USB transfer cable into the right side of the camera and the large end into the USB port of a computer. Transfer any protected images from the card to a computer if you wish to clear the card of protected images and write to a reformatted card.

3. Press the shooting mode button, which is marked with a camera icon on the back of the FE-340, to format the protected card. Formatting the card erases all information from the card, protected or not. Press the "Menu" button on the back of the FE-340 and use the navigation buttons on the back of the camera to select "Setup" from the menu. Scroll down to select "Memory Format." Select "Yes" with the navigation key and press the "OK" button to confirm the formatting of the memory card.

4. Press the playback button, which is marked with a triangle on the back of the FE-340, to pull up saved images from the memory card. To unprotect certain images, highlight the image with the left or right navigation button on the back of the camera, and press the up or down button to toggle between protected and not protected. A protected image is marked with a key icon. Press the delete button, which is marked with a trashcan icon, to delete the newly unprotected image and free up space. This allows you to write to a full memory card filled with protected and/or unprotected images.

Tags: memory card, marked with, memory card, back camera, back FE-340, button which, button which marked

Reprogram A Tivo Hard Drive

Every once in awhile a problem may occur when the only solution is to wipe your Tivo's hard drive clean and reprogram it to rectify the issue. A power surge, moving locations or a number of other things can stop your Tivo from working properly. Thankfully, reprogramming your Tivo is a simple process to complete. All you need is your trusty Tivo remote and a good 30 minutes to spare.

Instructions

1. Press the Tivo button at the top of your remote.

2. Scroll down to "messages & settings" and press select.

3. Scroll down to "restart or reset your system" and press select.

4. Scroll down to "clear & delete everything" and press select. Your Tivo will now reset itself to factory settings.

5. Click on "Guided Set Up" once the Tivo is done rebooting itself.

6. Follow the onscreen prompts to finish the set up. You will have to know your zip code, type of cable box (if any) and home network information (if any). Once you finish this step your Tivo hard drive will be reprogrammed.

Tags: your Tivo, press select, Scroll down, press select Scroll, select Scroll, select Scroll down, Tivo hard

Find The Best Camcorder For Filming Sporting Events

Look, up in the stands, a guy filming a soccer game with a camcorder. Sporting events need a camcorder that can keep pace with the players on the field while still being easy to use for the guy in the stands. The best camcorders for filming sporting events are light and fast with intuitive controls and rock-solid dependability.

Instructions

1. Look for a compact and lightweight design, with good handling and a natural placement of controls. When you hold the camera, your hands should be able to find all the necessary buttons without significant effort or without disturbing the shot.

2. Pick a model that does not load tape or other recording media from the bottom. You're going to have this puppy mounted on a tripod, and bottom loading camcorders have to be taken off the tripod, and their mounting brackets have to be removed before you can change tapes.

3. Check the camcorder's battery life. A longer battery life means less hassle for you.

4. Select a camcorder with an image stabilizer. Most of the time, you'll be shooting from a tripod, but the stabilizer makes those on the sideline close-ups of the action worth watching.

5. Find a model with fast shutter speeds. High performance sporting events require a camcorder that can keep up with the action.

6. Get decent still performance. A lot of camcorders have less than perfect still picture performance, but you should be able to find a model that will allow you to email grandma a still shot of her favorite granddaughter socking in the winning goal.

7. Go for a good viewfinder. You're going to be peering through this quite a lot, so make sure that you are comfortable with it.

Tags: able find, battery life, camcorder that, camcorder that keep, camcorders have

Make Mix Tapes With Your Home Stereo

Make Mix Tapes With Your Home Stereo

Do you want to make a compilation of songs without risking your CD's getting scratched? A mix tape is the perfect way to ensure your media will last longer and give more of a retro feel. Make a mix tape for your loved ones or for yourself. This article is important to anyone who wants to learn record cassette tapes on their stereo.

Instructions

Make Mix Tapes With Your Home Stereo

1. Buy blank audio tapes. A ten Pack can be found for under ten dollars. Choose the cassette tapes which you will be recording from. Cue the tapes to the songs that you want on the mix tape.

2. Rewind the blank tape on side A. Place the blank tape into tape deck 1 and place the recorded tape into tape deck 2.

3. Press record tape deck 1 and then press "Play" on tape deck 2. Stop recording when you want to record another song or tape.

4. Eject the cassette from tape deck 2 when finished. Insert another cassette. Press "Record" on tape deck 1, and "Play" on tape deck 2. Repeat step 3 until you are satisfied with your mix tape. Flip to side B when side A is full.

5. Press "Play" on tape deck 1 to preview your new mix tape. If there were any problems that occurred during recording, record over again.

Tags: tape deck, Home Stereo, Make Tapes, Make Tapes With, Play tape, Play tape deck

Charge The Battery Of Sony Cybershot Cameras

Your Sony Cyber-shot camera comes with a lithium-ion battery and charger.

Sony's line of compact digital cameras are marketed with the brand name "Cyber-shot." These cameras are manufactured and marketed toward amateur and beginner photographers or individuals who want an easy-to-use digital camera that records quality images. The camera uses a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, removing the requirement and expense of having to buy batteries. Both the battery and charger are included with the camera at time of purchase.

Instructions

1. Hold the camera upside down, and open the dual battery/memory stick storage compartment.

2. Lift the cover of the compartment to reveal the battery. Locate and push the locking device that holds the battery in place. Rotate the camera until the battery slides out of its compartment.

3. Place the battery directly into the charger as per the instruction icon on the charger. The battery will lock into place as you slide it into the charger.

4. Plug the Sony battery charger into a wall power outlet, and place the charger either on a table or on the floor next to plug. During charging, the charge indicator light will blink. The battery is fully charged when the indicator light stays on without blinking.

5. Unplug the charger from the wall, remove the battery, and replace it into the Sony Cyber-shot camera. Close the compartment door, and your camera is ready to be used.

Tags: battery charger, Cyber-shot camera, indicator light, into charger, lithium-ion battery, Sony Cyber-shot, Sony Cyber-shot camera

Video 8mm Movies

Transfer old 8mm movies to DVD for easy playback and storage.

The counterpart of camcorders of the digital age, 8mm film was widely used by previous generations to shoot both amateur and professionally made low-budget films.

To make 8mm films available for accessible playback and archiving, you can either hire professional companies to transfer them to video format or shoot them on your own using an 8mm film projector and a video camera. After transferring the video to the computer, you can easily make DVD or file copies of the video for playback in multimedia programs, iPods and other gadgets.

Instructions

1. Prepare a suitable room where you can project the 8mm film on a white wall or cloth. Set up your projection screen on a wall in the room. Make sure all light sources are blocked just like in a regular movie theater. If you need to, use thick cloths or boards to completely block the light coming from the windows.

2. Load the 8mm film on the film projector. Make sure the projector has a fitting distance with the projection wall or cloth.

3. Set up the video camera to record the projected film. Place it on a tripod and maintain the correct distance and angle from its location to the projected image. Use its zoom and focus features to acquire the best quality of footage from the film. Prepare the tape, P2 card, memory card, DVD or camera hard drive to be used for storing the video. Instead of using the camera battery, plug the camera to an outlet so you have a continuous power source while recording.

4. Connect the audio output of the projector to the audio input of the video camera. If your projector doesn't have an audio output, make a dedicated recording for the sound of the film separate from the video. Ideally, you will place the camera beside the film projector to capture the best quality video the way the projector showcases the footage on screen. However, the noise coming from the projector won't allow you to record quality sound. After recording the video, place the camera on a suitable location away from the projector and use its sound recording as your audio track once you transfer all elements to the computer. This way, you will avoid capturing the noise coming from the projector for your final digital copy of the movie.

5. Confirm the setup of your film projector and video camera by making a test playback and recording of the movie. Make the necessary adjustments, if any. You may have to fix the zoom, focus, exposure, white balance and camera-to-wall distance to acquire the best footage.

6. Begin the actual video recording of the 8mm film footage projected on the screen by first pressing the "Record" button on your video camera, then the "Play" button on your projector. Make a real-time recording of everything. It is possible that you will need to rerecord all or parts of the film in order to acquire the best-quality footage for the entire film.

7. Connect the camera to the computer via a USB or FireWire cable and open the video-editing program in your computer. Transfer the video footage from the camera to the computer.

Tags: video camera, film projector, coming from, from projector, acquire best

Remove A Marantz Power Switch

Marantz is a manufacturer of popular stereo receivers and other stereo equipment. One popular Marantz product is the CC 3000 5-disc CD changer and player. Over time the power switch on your Marantz CD player can wear down, or the small spring mechanism can break. When this occurs, it will have to be removed and then replaced with a new one. It will take you about 30 minutes to remove your Marantz power switch.

Instructions

1. Unplug your Marantz from the electrical outlet.

2. Disconnect all wires or connections attached to the back panel of your Marantz.

3. Use a screwdriver to take off the screws that hold the case in place on your Marantz. They are located on the back panel and you will need a Phillips screwdriver to take them off.

4. Lift the back panel off your Marantz and locate the power switch in the front.

5. Plug your de-soldering tool in and let it warm up.

6. Use a pair of needle-nose pliers to remove the small spring on the power switch assembly.

7. De-solder the connections holding the power switch in place on the circuit board. Squeeze in the rubber ball on your de-soldering tool, press the end of it against each connection and then release the ball to suck off the melted solder.

8. Lift the power switch mechanism out once it has been de-soldered.

Tags: your Marantz, power switch, back panel, back panel your, de-soldering tool, panel your

Instructions For A Gossen

Gossen products can determine the best exposure setting for any given picture

Gossen is a German company that specializes in the measurement of light. This has a lot of applications, including in the industrial and medical fields, but is often used by photographers to measure exposure before taking a picture. Gossen have released many different exposure meters, including the Digiflash and the Digipro. Both of these units measure in either reflected or incident light mode, and are similar in their general operation. Understanding the basics of the Digiflash and Digipro will give you a good understanding of operate Gossen products.

Instructions

1. Put the unit in "Incident Light Mode." This is done by turning the sensor to the left, so that it is pointing from the subject's direction to the camera's direction. On both units, this sensor is located on the top of the unit's back side. The white orb needs to be pointing back at you (in "Incident Light Mode") for most images to ensure that you can determine the correct exposure setting. If it is pointed at the subject (known as "Reflected Light Mode"), then the reading will be tainted by the reflective qualities of your subject. This can be advantageous in some situations, but that will come when you're familiar with the device.

2. Press the "Function" buttons to select the desired function. On the Digiflash, pressing the "Function" button will cycle through the functions available, displaying the next one with each button press. This can be used to select "Ambient" or "Flash Light" modes, "Timer," "Watch," "Alarm Clock" and "Temperature" modes. The button is located toward the bottom of the unit, directly above the word "Gossen. On the Digipro, the "Function" buttons are located on the right-hand side and are used the access the options displayed on the top of the display screen. You can select "Shutter Priority," "Contrast Measurement," "Aperture Priority," "CINE" and "Exposure Value Measurement" modes.

3. Select the "ISO" option to select your desired film speed. On the Digiflash, this is done by pressing the "Function" button until "Ambient Light" is displayed, and then holding the button for more than two seconds. There will be a confirmation noise, and the "ISO" value at the top of the display will begin to flash. Use the "Measuring" key to select the desired speed. This is located directly underneath the display screen. The button can be held to advance the number more rapidly. On the Digipro, use the "Function" buttons to highlight "ISO" at the top of the screen, and then use the "Value" buttons to select the desired film speed. The "Value" buttons are on the left-hand side of the unit and are used to change the values of all options. Press "Function" to save your settings.

4. Press the "Measure" button to take your measurement. This will be displayed on the display screen as an "EV" number. The "Measure" button on the Digipro is located between the "Function" and "Value" buttons.

Tags: display screen, Function buttons, Light Mode, select desired, Value buttons

Format A Mini Sd Card For My Blackberry Curve

The BlackBerry Curve is a versatile smartphone that supports the use of a mini SD card for additional storage. Mini SD cards, also known as media cards, store your pictures, videos, music and other files. In fact, you can also use your BlackBerry Curve, with a media card installed, as a Flash-type drive to store documents and files. If you receive a message on the BlackBerry when accessing the media card, that the card is unformatted, you will need to format the mini SD card for the device.The mini SD card for the BlackBerry Curve may be formatted directly on the device.

Instructions

1. Power off the BlackBerry Curve by pressing and holding the red "End Call" button.

2. Install the media card removing the back cover of the BlackBerry Curve, removing the battery and inserting the card into the media card slot. Slide the card in until the side clamps clip the card in place. Replace the battery and back cover.

3. Power on the BlackBerry Curve by once again pressing and holding the red "End Call" button.

4. Press the "Menu" button to show the Home screen.

5. Scroll to and select the "Options" icon. Press the trackpad or trackball. The Options screen opens.

6. Scroll to and select "Advanced Options." Press the trackpad or trackball.

7. Scroll to and select the "Media Card" option and press the trackball or trackpad. The Media Card page opens.

8. Press the "Menu" key and select "Format Card" from the Menu options. Select "Yes" and press the trackball or trackpad to confirm the formatting process. The media card is formatted and a notification message will appear telling you that the format is complete.

Tags: BlackBerry Curve, Scroll select, back cover, BlackBerry Curve, Call button, holding Call

Canon 1d Pocket Guide

Many professional photographers use the Canon EOS 1D to capture stunning images all over the world.

The Canon 1D Mark IV is an advanced digital SLR that can shoot in creative and manual settings and HD movie mode. The 1D uses both compact flash and SDHC memory cards to store images. Canon's 1D's intuitive interface can be easily controlled by the intermediate to advanced photographer.

Shooting Modes and Exposure

Hold down the "Mode" button, and turn the quick control dial on the back of the camera to select a shooting mode. Modes include program, aperture priority, shutter speed priority and manual. In program, aperture-priority and shutter-priority modes, use the quick control dial to adjust exposure value. Use the main dial, behind the shutter release, to adjust the default setting. In manual mode, use the main dial to adjust shutter speed and the quick control dial to set aperture.

ISO Setting

Hold down the "ISO" button while turning the main dial to adjust the ISO. The Canon 1D's ISO ranges from 100-12800. The camera automatically sets the ISO when the ISO setting is changed to "AUTO."

Movie Mode

Press the "MENU" button, and select the "Live View Movie Function" setting on the LCD menu. Select the "movies" option. Select your movie recording size to preference and you will be guided to the live view screen. Press the shutter release button to start and stop recording.

File Types

Select the "Quality" option in the main menu using the main control dial. Chose a file type and size for your pictures. The EOS 1D can shoot RAW files, JPEGs or both simultaneously. RAW files carry three time as much information as JPEGs, giving you more detail while editing your photos. The "RAW" option in the menu refers to the largest raw file type. The "SRAW" option refers to smaller raw files. The L,M, and S settings refer to the large, medium, and small file sizes for JPEG files.

Tags: control dial, dial adjust, main dial, quick control, quick control dial, file type, Hold down

Copy Pvr Movies To Dvd

If your PVR is running out of space from several recorded movies, or if you copy them to something more portable, you can copy any PVR-recorded movies over to DVD. Any DVD recorder can be hooked up to the PVR to record its movies. In order for you to record any PVR movies to DVD and then play them back on the TV (while still being able to watch live TV at any time), you must connect them so the signal goes from the cable/satellite box to the PVR to the DVD recorder to the TV.

Instructions

1. Get a DVD recorder, making sure you know which type of recordable DVDs it uses, like DVD- or DVD+. Since you are working with another recorder and not live TV, a tunerless DVD recorder can work. Get a set of recordable DVDs as well.

2. Disconnect your PVR from the TV set. If they are linked through an RF coaxial cable, disconnect it at both ends and put the cable away (most DVD recorders don't use RF coaxial cables). If it uses RCA cables, unplug all three RCA plugs from the TV end. Don't mess with the connection between the PVR and cable/satellite box.

3. Connect the PVR's output to the DVD recorder's input. If the PVR was connected to the TV with an RCA composite cable (yellow, white and red plugs), you can use that. A component video cable (red, green and blue) with a separate RCA audio cable (red and white only) works better.

4. Connect the DVD recorder's output to the TV. On an older set, composite cables might be your only option. Newer sets, especially LCD HD TVs, will have a component video connection you can use.

5. Plug in the DVD recorder. Make sure all other devices are plugged in as well. Turn on the TV and cable box. Confirm that the TV signal still appears.

6. Insert a blank recordable DVD into the recorder. Play a movie from the PVR. Push the DVD's record button to begin recording. The exact procedure can vary depending on the recorder, so read over the entire manual first.

7. Play back the DVD after recording to confirm the movie was successfully copied. To view the disc, switch the TV over to the DVD's signal. Push the "video" button on the TV, or push the "input" button and select the cable connection you used from the input menu.

Tags: cable satellite, component video, record movies, recordable DVDs

Fix A Turntable Stylus

A good stylus on your turntable is an integral part of a well-functioning hi-fi sound system. To keep a turntable in proper working order, you must do maintenance on its stylus from time to time. Repairing the stylus on a turntable is easy to do and requires just a little research.

Instructions

Repair

1. Find out what kind of stylus your record player takes (see Resources).

2. Consult your record player manual for instructions on install a new stylus on your model of turntable.

3. If you don't have a manual, take a look at your stylus. Most record players are designed for the stylus to simply slide out with little effort.

4. After you remove the worn out stylus, slide the new stylus in the same place.

Changing the needle

5. Determine what kind of needle is compatible with your stylus (see Resources).

6. Consult your manual for instructions on install a new needle.

7. If you don't have a manual, try gently and smoothly pulling on the needle with a pair of tweezers. The needle should come out. Be gentle.

8. Using the tweezers, insert the new needle into the same hole until it is securely embedded.

Tags: stylus your, Consult your, have manual, instructions install, manual instructions

Use A Camera Aperture

Use the aperture setting to get better results on your photos.

The aperture of a camera lens is one of three things in photography that are combined to control how a photograph looks (the other two being shutter speed and ISO sensitivity). Aperture refers to the size of the lens diaphragm, and controls how much light hits the sensor (or film). Apertures on lenses can either be fixed or variable; generally, fixed aperture lenses, especially fixed aperture telephoto lenses, are more expensive. Aperture size is used to control depth of field in an image, or how much of the photograph is in focus.

Instructions

1. Turn on your camera and turn the mode dial on the top of the camera to "A."

2. Locate the mode control dial on your camera. On Canon SLRs, this is the wheel to the right of the LCD screen. On Nikon and Olympus cameras, it is on the top part of the camera behind the shutter button or on the front of the camera under the shutter button, depending on the model. On Sony cameras, it is on the front of the camera under the shutter button.

3. Look through the viewfinder of the SLR and rotate the mode control dial; you will see the aperture value change on the bottom of the screen.

4. Select high aperture values, usually f9, f11 or f22, for landscape photos where you want to have a lot of the image in focus.

5. Select low aperture values, such as f2.8 or f3.5, to create dramatic images where only the subject is in focus while the background is blurred out.

Tags: shutter button, aperture values, camera under, camera under shutter, control dial, fixed aperture

Formatting Memory Cards

Formatting Memory Cards

A memory card is sort of like your closet: Sure, you could always stuff more things in it, but at some point you just need to pull everything out and start all over. In your digital camera you may begin to notice errors reading and writing images to memory. Some cameras may even begin to reboot themselves while attempting to write the picture to memory. When these things happen, formatting the memory card can often solve the problem. Also, sometimes you just have so many old pictures or files on the memory card that it's just time to start with a clean slate. Formatting is the answer.

Instructions

1. Format with a digital camera. The easiest way to format your card is to just let the camera do it. The camera will automatically create all of the necessary folders for the normal use of the device. Once you turn your camera on, find the button usually labeled "menu." The option to format your memory card will usually be in the system configuration tab. In this area of the camera you will find things like adjusting the brightness of your display or setting the date and time. If you scroll the list of options, you will see the option to format your card.

2. Format with a Windows PC. What about devices that don't have the built-in option of formatting the memory card for you, such as GPS systems or music players? This is even easier: you simply power on your Windows PC and insert your card. Once the PC has discovered you memory card, navigate your way to "My Computer," which will display the list of storage devices now accessible by your PC. Once you find the memory card, right-click your it and select "Format."

3. Insert your newly formatted memory card back into the device of your choice and begin to enjoy the benefits of a clean card.

Tags: memory card, format your, your card, camera will, digital camera, Format with, format your card

Use A Thermal Imaging Camera To Determine Heat Loss

Two-dimensional thermal imaging cameras are an efficient way to determine heat loss, especially from faulty or nonexistent insulation. Due to the complicating factor of external forces such as wind, most heat loss surveys are best when conducted indoors. Additionally, the best results for detecting heat loss with thermal imaging occur when there is a 20 degree or greater difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures. In northern climates, it is easier to conduct a scan during winter with the house's heating on. In southern climates, imaging during the summer while the air conditioning is running gives the best results.

Instructions

1. Remove any drapes, furniture or other objects from the walls in your home. These objects can trap or obscure heat flow.

2. Measure the interior temperature of the structure with a thermometer, and contrast this temperature with the exterior temperature. Verify that there is at least a 20-degree difference between the interior and exterior temperatures of the structure for the best imaging results.

3. Conduct the survey over a series of hours by taking enough shots with the thermal imaging camera to document the flow of heat within a given space. The camera operates by detecting heat signatures. A snapshot taken by the camera will show heat at a certain moment; a series of shots over time will show how the heat travels within the space.

4. Review the thermal imaging shots to determine where the structure is losing heat and how much heat it is losing. Extreme colors such as black are usually indicators of severe heat loss/movement. However, the meaning of the color scale is dependent on the individual camera and the characteristics of the structure being surveyed.

Tags: heat loss, thermal imaging, best results, detecting heat, difference between, show heat, will show

Instructions For Mounting A Large Flatscreen Television To A Ceiling

Mounting a large flat-screen television to the ceiling saves space by eliminating the need for a bulky entertainment center. It also can add a unique flair to your home that your friends might look at with envy. Installing a flat-screen TV to the ceiling requires the use of some everyday household tools and a few helping hands. Within an hour, you can have your TV mounted to the ceiling and enjoy watching your favorite shows.

Instructions

1. Stand on a ladder and use a stud finder to find a beam or stud in the ceiling where you want to display the TV. The stud finder beeps when it finds a beam. Mark the beam's location with a pencil.

2. Remove the arm portion of the ceiling mount by unscrewing the middle screw. This will make it easier to connect the TV to the ceiling mount. Connect the mounting plate of the TV mount to the ceiling. Position the mounting plate so that it lies over the beam in the ceiling. Screw the lag bolts that came with your TV ceiling mount through the mounting plate and into the ceiling beam using a wrench. The mounting plate now should be firmly attached to the ceiling.

3. Remove the TV stand from the TV to reduce the weight you are placing on the ceiling mount. Place the blanket on a flat surface and lay the TV face down on it. Find the small screws on the back of the TV near the base and remove them from the TV with a Philips screwdriver. Gently pull the base from the TV.

4. Connect the arm portion of the ceiling mount to the back of the TV. Align the screw holes, also called Vesa holes, on the ceiling mount arm to the Vesa holes on the back of the TV. Insert the VESA screws into these holes and tighten them with a Philips screwdriver. The Vesa holes are there to connect your TV to a mount.

5. Bring the TV up to the mounting plate on the ceiling and align the connection areas on the mounting plate to the connections on the mounting arm on the back of the TV. Insert the security screws that came with your ceiling mount into these connections and tighten them with a Philips screwdriver. The TV now should be securely mounted to the ceiling.

Tags: ceiling mount, mounting plate, Philips screwdriver, Vesa holes, with Philips

Build A Photo Therapy Light Box

Fluorescent full-spectrum bulbs simulate natural sunlight.

Photo therapy is becoming increasingly popular to promote well-being. Health care professionals such as Joseph Mercola, DO, use it to treat seasonal affective disorder, also called winter depression. Photo therapy involves the use of full-spectrum light bulbs to simulate sunlight. The FDA has not approved the marketing of photo therapy light boxes to treat SAD, and so many insurance companies do not cover the cost.

A simple photo therapy light box can be made from items you can find in your own home or otherwise purchase at a local hardware store. To make one, you need to be able to use a miter saw, wood chisel and screwdriver.

Instructions

1. Remove the box's right side. Draw two pencil lines on the bottom of the box to mark the position of the power strips. On these lines, mark the positions for the surge protectors' mounting screws. Fasten the 1/2 inch mounting screws. The idea is to center the power strips in the box.

2. Cut two 1/2 inch square notches into the side of the box you have removed. To cut each notch, make 1/2 inch cuts into the wood with the miter saw. Punch out the center with the wood chisel. Place the notches where the side will meet the bottom when you reattach it, at the height of the power strip mounting screws.

3. Line the bottom and sides with aluminum foil, shiny side up for better reflection. Fasten the foil with glue. Slide the surge protectors onto the mounting screws. Reattach the notched panel to the box with wood screws.

4. Screw the bulbs into the socket adapters. Plug the adapters into the surge protectors.

Tags: mounting screws, surge protectors, bulbs simulate, photo therapy, power strips

What Is An Endoscope

What Is an Endoscope?

An endoscope is a flexible tube that allows a doctor to see within various parts of a patient's body. Many endoscopes are quite long and have cameras at the end to give doctor's a detailed view of different parts of the anatomy. Through use of an endoscope, a doctor can check for signs of abnormalities, cancer and other disorders. Procedures that utilize that endoscope are called endoscopies. Although endoscopes are technically invasive, the risk associated with endoscopies is relatively low.

History

Although endoscopes are far more advanced today, a rudimentary endoscope was found in the ruins of Pompeii. The modern predecessor to the endoscope was created by Philip Bozzini in 1805. Bozzini's Lichtleiter enabled observations of the urinary tract, pharynx and rectum. However, the medical industry was skeptical of the Lichtleiter, and the invention never gained traction. In 1853, the first proper endoscope was invented by France's Antoine Desormeaux. Yet it wasn't until 1868 that a German doctor named Adolph Kussmaul tested the endoscope on a living human. Since then, the endoscope has been perfected from a short and clunky metal device to a flexible mechanism that could peer into the deepest recesses of the human body.

Types

As technology developed, endoscopes became more reliable and versatile. One of most commonly used endoscopes is the gastrocamera. Gastrocameras are used to examine the gastrointestinal tract and screen for everything from colon cancer to esophagus problems. Over the years, the gastrocamera has made major leaps in the imaging techniques it utilizes. Initially, gastrocams took still images. That technology improved with the use of ultrasounds, video and now full-scale HDTV imaging.

Other endoscopes include arthroscopes (for looking at joints), bronchoscopes (for looking at the lungs), cystoscopes (for looking inside the bladder) and laparoscopes (for looking at the ovaries and other abdominal organs).

Parts

The basic endoscope is made of a long flexible tube. One end is equipped with a small camera that is inserted into a body cavity, and the other end contains an eye piece for doctors to examine the body parts in question. Built into the endoscope is a channel that shines light. Endoscopes also have mechanisms that allow air or fluids to be pumped into the body to aid in the observation process.

Common Applications

The most common application of an endoscope is the colonoscopy. Colonoscopies are considered the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. Doctors recommend that men and women over the age of 50 undergo colonoscopies every five to 10 years. The endoscopes used in colonoscopies even have devices that can remove small polyps (pre-cancerous growths) from the intestines.

Endoscopes are also used to help diagnose lung conditions, appendix problems, ovary conditions, joint problems, upper digestive tract problems and bladder conditions.

Risks

Most endoscope procedures are considered low-risk. Nonetheless, complications may occur. The most severe risk is tearing or puncturing of various tissues and organs with the endoscope. Fortunately, perforation of this sort is extremely rare. However, the risk of perforation or other complications increases if the endoscope is used to remove small polyps during the procedure. Other serious risks include bleeding and infection.

Limitations

Although endoscopes are the best way to screen for certain types of cancer and other conditions, they are not magical devices that can diagnose problems. All endoscopes are only as good as the doctor interpreting the findings. Doctors who know read results well can make great use of the endoscope. However, if a doctor is careless or performs the endoscopy too quickly, conditions can be missed. To be safe, look at a doctor's credentials before agreeing to an endoscopy. While many general practitioners are fully capable of performing basic endoscopies, you are much better off visiting a specialist if your budget allows for it.

Tags: Although endoscopes, cancer other, devices that, Endoscopes also, flexible tube, into body, remove small

Set Up A Stereo System

While these instructions presume a basic stereo receiver, the connection process would be the same for higher-end components (multi-channel receiver, an integrated amplifier, or a separate pre-amplifier and power amplifier). You would just have additional connections to make.

Instructions

Connect Turntable to Receiver

1. Connect turntable to input labeled "Phono."

2. Connect green grounding wire to grounding pin or screw on receiver, or loosen a screw on receiver chassis, and connect wire to screw, then tighten securely.

3. Connect RCA cables (usually hardwired to turntable) to receiver. Connect red plug to jack with red band or marked "Right." Connect black plug to other jack or jack marked "Left."

Connect Line-level Signal Source Components to Receiver

4. Connect RCA cables to back of CD player.

5. Connect red plug to jack with red band or marked "Right." Connect black plug to other jack or jack marked "Left."

6. Connect other ends of cables to jacks labeled "CD" or "CD Player" on back of receiver.

7. Repeat these steps for all other line-level playback components. (Find appropriately labeled inputs or use "Aux" input.)

8. Connect cassette deck (or other recorder) outputs to jacks on receiver labeled "Tape In," "Tape 1," "Tape Play," or similarly. Outputs are usually labeled "Line Out" or "Playback."

9. Connect cassette deck inputs to jacks on receiver labeled "Tape Out," "Record Out," or "Tape 1 Out." Inputs are usually labeled "Line In" or "Record."

Connect Receiver to Speakers

10. If your receiver or speakers have "bare wire" connectors, strip and twist the ends of the wire. If your receiver or speakers accept connectors such as spades or banana plugs, add connectors to speaker wire if necessary.

11. Connect one pair of wires for the left speaker (meaning the speaker that is to your left as you face the speakers and receiver).

12. Connect positive terminals of receiver to positive terminals of speaker, and connect negative terminals of receiver to negative terminals of speaker. Speaker wire is labeled + or -, or each lead is a different color or has a color-coding strip. Outputs on receiver and inputs on speakers are labeled + and -.

13. Securely tighten the lugs or binding posts on receiver and speakers.

14. Install the wires for the right speaker the same way.

15. Position the speakers. Place the two speakers away from the walls, at the corners of an equilateral triangle (with your listening position as the third corner). Start with the speakers about 6 to 8 feet apart and angled to face each other slightly. Experiment to achieve the ideal positioning.

Tags: your receiver speakers, band marked, band marked Right, black plug, black plug other, cassette deck

Use An Infrared Camera Lens

Photography is all about light. We do many things to produce good photos, but in the end, the light dictates the result of the picture. Infrared light is all around us; we just can't see it. But many digital cameras can. Using an infrared lens, which filters out varying degrees of wavelength light, is one way to produce unusual and interesting photographs.

Instructions

1. Point a TV or VCR remote at your camera and push a button on it. If you see the infrared beam through the viewfinder, then you can use your camera to shoot in infrared with the proper lens.

2. Buy an infrared lens for your camera. The choices vary depending on the amount of wavelength light the lens filters out.

3. Use your LCD viewfinder to see your subject. You can purchase a screen hood and magnifier to help you see the viewfinder during bright light.

4. Adjust your shutter speed. You need to play with this to see what is going to work, depending on what you're shooting. Try 1/15 and 1/8 for starters.

5. Prepare yourself for a surreal experience. Some plants and animals glow. People's eyes can look bizarre.

6. Use photo editing software, such as Adobe Photoshop, to balance out the color tones or grayscale your photos.

Tags: your camera, infrared lens, wavelength light

Adjust The Projection On A Big Screen Tv

Change picture settings to adjust the projection on a big-screen TV.

There are different types of big-screen TVs, but DLP TVs are among the most commonly made televisions that feature an image projection from an internal lamp. This lamp projects the image through color filters and off of internal mirrors before it reaches the screen. You can adjust the projection on a big-screen TV by making a few changes to the television's picture settings. Some of the adjustments you can make to the projection of the big-screen TV include brightness, color, contrast and tint settings.

Instructions

1. Push the "Menu" button on the remote control.

2. Press the "Up" or "Down" arrows to select "Picture." Push "Enter."

3. Press the "Up" or "Down" button to highlight "Brightness." Press "Enter." Push the "Left" or "Right" arrows to increase or decrease the picture brightness. Press "Enter" again.

4. Repeat Step 3 a few times, choosing "Contrast," "Color," "Tint" and "Sharpness."

5. Use the "Up" and "Down" arrows to highlight "Done." Press "Enter."

Tags: Press Enter, projection big-screen, adjust projection, adjust projection big-screen, Down arrows, picture settings, Press Down

Specifications Of A Motorola Visar

The Motorola Visar is portable two-way radio. It can be used for communication between a group of people that all have access to the transmissions. Knowing the specifications for the Visar will help you to determine if it suits your needs.

Frequency

The bandwidth or frequency of the Visar can operate under VHF, UHF and 800 megahertz (MHz) wavelengths. For the VHF format, a range of 136 to 178 MHz is possible to transmit between, while the UHF format transmissions between 403 to 470 MHz or 450 to 520 MHz can be achieved. Communications between 800 to 821 MHz, as well as 851- to 866 MHz can occur on the 800 MHz wavelength. The Visar only has 16 channels of communication, with no options of broadening the amount.

Size and Battery Life

The weight of the Visar is 11.0 ounces. The battery life is all dependent on the wattage of your outputs, or outgoing calls. With VHF, outputs can be between 1 and 5 watts, during which the battery life will last 5 hours at the lowest 1 watt of output. UHF has an output of 1 to 4 watts and also has a battery life of 5 hours at 1 watt output. The 800 MHz wavelength has an unvaried output of 3 watts, for which the battery will last 4 hours.

Channel Spacing

Channel spacing refers to the amount (measured in kilohertz, or kHz) between frequencies. The spacing is the same for both VHF and UHF, and is either 12.5, 25 or 30 kHz. For the 800 MHz wavelength, the spacing is a set 25 kHz.

Sensitivity and Selectivity

The sensitivity refers to the balance between the wanted noise (your transmission or received transmission) and the unwanted static noise, often referred to with the term SINAD (signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio). With 12 decibels (dB) being the maximum allowable noise level that does not drown out speech during transmission, all three wavelengths have a noise output of no more than .28 microvolts (µV). The selectivity refers to a radio's ability to only respond to the channel that it is tuned to. Any variation is measured in decibels and with VHF, it has a range of -65 dB for 12.5 kHz and -75 dB for 25 kHz. UHF has a range of -63 dB for 12.5 kHz and -73 dB for 25 kHz. 800 MHz has a range of -72 dB for 25 MHz.

Tags: battery life, last hours, Motorola Visar, output watts, range range

Make A Video Camera Stabilizer

A video camcorder must shoot video in a steady manner for the viewer to properly see the recording. You can make an inexpensive video stabilizer that will help control unwanted motions as you use the camcorder. You will need a few items commonly found around the house and less than a half hour of your time. Your video stabilizer will fit in your pocket until needed and will help stabilize the camcorder against shaking and off-putting movements that can ruin the video.

Instructions

1. Pull a length of string off the roll that is about the same length as your height. Cut the string from the roll with scissors.

2. Slip one end of the string twice through the hole in the metal washer. Tie a knot in the end of the string to secure it to the metal washer.

3. Wrap the other end of the string around the head of the metal bolt. Apply a drop of bonding glue to the string where it meets the head of the metal bolt. Let the bonding glue set for an hour.

4. Apply a drop of bonding glue to the string where it touches the metal washer. Let the bonding glue set for an hour.

5. Screw the metal bolt into the tripod socket at the bottom of the camcorder.

6. Place the metal washer on the floor. Step on the metal washer with the heel of one shoe. Pull the camcorder up until the string is taut.

7. Turn on the camcorder. Shoot videos using your video camera stabilizer. Remove your shoe from the metal washer and unscrew the bolt from the camcorder when done shooting.

Tags: metal washer, bonding glue, metal bolt, Apply drop, Apply drop bonding, bonding glue hour

Camera Tripod Information

A camera tripod is a three-legged device designed to hold a camera in place.

A camera tripod is a three-legged device designed to hold a camera in place without the help of the photographer. Camera tripods are used when the photographer wants the camera to remain perfectly still and in place A tripod is composed of a legset and a head. The legs support the head and the camera is attached to the headset. On many tripods the head and legset are integrated into a single unit. This saves both on money and weight.

Legs

The weight, size and rigidity of a camera tripod is more often than not determined by the design of its legs. Tripod legs are usually telescopic and thus are split into several sections. The greater the number of sections a tripod’s legs are divided into, the smaller the tripod will be when folded. However, the more sections a tripod’s legs have, the more of a nuisance it is to assemble. Tripod legs are made in a number of different materials. Aluminum is the cheapest and most common material used for tripods, but it is also the heaviest. Aluminum tripod legs are rigid, but the same rigidity can be achieved with less weight with basalt and carbon fiber tripods. Basalt tripods are more expensive than aluminum ones, and carbon fiber tripods are even more expensive.

Ball-and-Socket Heads

The tripod head is where the camera is mounted to the tripod; it usually rotates on an axis. Ball-and-socket tripod heads are the simplest type. The ball-and-socket joint allows the camera to move in any direction when it is released and can be locked in position with a simple knob. The ball-and-socket head is compact and fast to use, but can pose difficulties if the photographer is trying to make precise camera movements in a single direction; for example when taking a sequence of action or sports shots.

Three-Way Heads.

Three-way heads have three separate axes of movement. They allow horizontal, vertical and lateral movement. The lateral axis enables the camera to turn on its side for vertical shots. Three-way heads enable the photographer to pan smoothly in a precise and straight line. Three-way heads are heavier and slower to use and set up than ball-and-socket heads. However, the independent axes are often necessary when taking a succession of shots in a straight line.

Manufacturers

Photography dealers often stock cheap tripods made by little known companies, but these tripods are unlikely to be very good. There are a small number of established and respected tripod manufacturers. Obviously the more money you spend on a tripod the more likely you are to obtain a quality product. But price isn't everything; you should also look out for construction quality. Poor quality tripods are often held together with rivets instead of nuts & bolts. You should also check the tripod's leg extension locks operate easily. It is also important to check that the tripod can support a decent amount of weight. A good tripod will not buckle, creak or groan when you push down hard on its head set.

Mini Tripods and Compact Tripods

Mini or table-top tripods are designed to easily fit in a camera bag and are usually placed on a table top or other level surface when required. Some mini tripods are heavy duty and highly flexible, others are cheap and ineffective. Some min tripods can be held against the chest to prevent camera shake and provide extra stability. Compact tripods are designed to fold up much smaller than standard tripods; they are useful for traveling, but often can only hold light cameras.

Tags: camera tripod, Three-way heads, camera place, camera tripod three-legged, carbon fiber

Upgrade With Pay As You Go

Pay As You Go is a prepaid calling plan from AT&T Wireless. The prepaid plan means the user pays upfront (at the beginning of the month, adding minutes throughout the month as needed) and no contracts are signed. The phones do not have to be activated the same way post-paid, contract phones need to be activated. When you decide to upgrade your phone, you can simply purchase a new Pay As You Go phone (instead of having to wait for eligibility) and replace the SIM cards to continue your service on the new handset.

Instructions

1. Purchase a new "Pay As You Go" prepaid cell phone from an AT&T store or authorized retailer.

2. Remove the cell phone from the packaging. Refer to the User Manual and remove the pre-installed SIM card.

3. Insert your SIM card from your current "Pay As You Go" prepaid cell phone into the new cell phone's SIM card slot.

4. Power on the phone. It might take a minute or two for the new cell phone to recognize your SIM card and connect to the cellular network. Once connected (the AT&T logo will appear), you have successfully upgraded your phone.

Tags: cell phone, cell phone from, phone from, prepaid cell, prepaid cell phone

Plug Your Laptop Into An Amp

You've amassed a collection of digital music on your laptop, but your speaker system isn't capable of higher-volume listening. An alternative to purchasing dedicated external computer speakers is to plug your laptop into an existing stereo system or musical instrument amp. Mobile DJs, karaoke hosts, musicians and home recording studios use amplifiers to enhance laptop sound, and all it takes is a commercially available connection cable.

Instructions

1. Inspect the back of the stereo system amplifier or the front of the guitar amplifier to locate the audio input jack. Home stereo systems employ two RCA-type audio input jacks, while musical instrument amplifiers use a single 1/4-inch phone jack.

2. Purchase the proper cable type at your local electronic store. Be certain that the cable is of sufficient length and is not a speaker cable. Speaker cables are unshielded and will cause the audio signal to hum due to disruptive RF (radio frequency) noise.

3. Turn off the volume control of the amplifier and laptop.

4. Insert the 1/8-inch stereo plug into the laptop's headphone jack. This is sometimes called a "line out" jack, and can be in various places on the machine depending on its manufacturer.

5. Insert the RCA plugs into the audio input jacks on the stereo system, or the single mono 1/4-inch phone plug into the instrument amplifier input.

6. Start the laptop's music program and turn the laptop volume up to approximately 1/3 volume.

7. Turn the amplifier volume up slightly until you begin to hear sound and adjust the volume accordingly. If using a stereo system amplifier, you may have to select the input source you've plugged into (tape, component, auxiliary) with the rotary switch at the front of the amplifier.

Tags: stereo system, audio input, 4-inch phone, audio input jacks, input jacks